Tda 2.1 Child and Young Person Development Essay

Describe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years to include :

These gross movements gradually become clearer throughout infancy and early childhood. Thus meaning infants become able to lift their heads, sit up, and eventually stand with minimal support.

Baby’s finger and toe prints are visible. The eyelids begin to part and the eyes open. Baby responds to sounds by moving or increasing the pulse. You may notice jerking motions if baby hiccups.” (Cleveland Clinic). A mother’s baby will continue to mature and develop reserves of body fat. Once the baby’s hearing is fully developed, he or she changes position frequently and responds to stimuli, including sound, pain, and light. The amniotic fluid begins to diminish.”

(Birth - 1 year) - The development of control over one's own body in both gross and fine motor skills is the infant's primary physical task, culminating toward the end of the first year in walking.

Physical development between this age is very enjoyable. At this age they are getting used to their own bodies. I noticed that they put their fingers in their mouth. They love to look at their hands and feet. I noticed that they are more to observing their hands more than anything. When they are being feed they will crab your finger. When they lay the baby on their stomachs at the age of 6 months or so they try and kick their feet and look like they want to swim. They get their hands moving and they love to be touched. They react when you are touching their finger. Mary would grab the baby's finger as she is talking with them. The look at her and smile. Around the age of 5 months to six m At this facility they start

Physical: Infants figure out how to control their muscles and movements. Motor control develops from the head and moves down through the arms and through the trunk and after that to the legs and feet. As motor improvement continues, infants will figure out how to interact with their enviroment. By one month, infants can turn their heads from side to side when lying on their back or belly, and also move its hands and arms.

Learning: Babies at this stage start to learn many things from the surroundings by making experiments on the toys, objects, etc. to learn about the physical and social environment.

During the 1st month of life, the child should be able to have a strong grasp reflex as a fine motor skill, and demonstrate head leg as a gross motor skill. Furthermore, by the 2nd month of life, the child should be able to not only hold their hands in an open position, as well as show signs of their grasp reflex fading as a fine motor skill, but also be able to lift their head off the mattress when in a prone positon as a gross motor skill (Hockenberry, Wilson, & Rodgers, 2017).

Within the first few days babies should react to loud noises and should be able to smell and taste. Each of these senses develops more with time but they do have basic capabilities and show preferences. However a babies vision when first born have vision difficulty but around 6 to 12 months should develop normal vision. Furthermore there are many reflexes, involuntary movements that a baby is born with. Babies will turn their heads in the direction they are touched, which is called the rooting reflex. The sucking reflex occurs when something touches the baby’s lips. The last reflex is the moro reflex, or when a baby sprawls its arms and legs out in response to a startling noise. Gross motor development occurs before fine motor development. Gross motor development involves the larger muscles and movements while fine motor development involves intricate

In the primary stage, children (aged 1-4months) keep repeating activities via reflexes that are satisfying for them, such as: thumb sucking.

In the tactile area, some signs that a parent could look for is their child being bothered by tags on their clothes, reacting to certain textured foods, and when walking they tend to touch everything; for example, walls. In the vestibular area, a child may rock while they are sitting or standing and they like to spin or swing often. They also have a tendency to wiggle a lot while sitting; meaning, that no matter what the case they cannot sit still. Now, in the proprioceptive area, a child will tend to handle their toys in a rough manner, play very roughly, or even stomp their feet or bang things with their hands. In the visual area, a parent needs to look for their child to demonstrate poor eye contact, using their hands as a visor in sunlight or fluorescent lighting and the child might to turn their head when looking at things often. Finally, in the auditory area a child tends to cover their ears or screams when they hear sudden loud noises such as a vacuum cleaner. The child will also continually make sounds like humming or clicking (Boutot & Myles, 2011, p. 254).

During this stage, babies will combine gestures with vocalizations to express a range of specific and recognizable communicative functions (Hulit et al., 2014). Deictic gestures are the first gestures to appear around ten to twelve months of age. Infants often use eye gaze in order to direct the attention of a parent or guardian at around the age of eight months, and by twelve months they are capable of changing the behavior of the caregiver with this eye gaze. Reading, pushing away, giving an object, pointing, waving, and showing are capable of being made with or without eye contact between the ages of eight and eleven months (Hulit et al., 2014). By the age of five and a half months, the child will begin to start vocalizing as well as looking around, and by six and a half months, the child starts showing interest and thus behaviors for social interaction emerge. By fourteen and a half months, the child uses a word and by one and a half, the child will exhibit excitement gestures which may include clapping, imitation of social games, dancing, and pretending to sleep (Hulit et al.,

Infants are born with infantile reflexes that are generated from the brain (Boyd & Bee, 2012). They can easily adapt to a new stimulus and are gradually learning from previous experiences through movement. Movement capabilities are broken into two sections which are gross motor skills that involve the movements of crawling, creeping and rolling over (Boyd & Bee, 2012). Then there are the fine motor skills that give the infant the ability to manipulate small objects with the palmer grasping reflex (Haywood, Kathleen M; Getchell, Nancy, 2009). Their sensory receptors respond to touch when there is a finger placed in their palm, they will automatically grasp your finger by using their fine motor skills while you lift them up and down (Boyd & Bee, 2012).

Babies are new to the world its exciting when they smile and crawl for the first time. Just like adults their emotions are tied to their cognitive and physical development. Each individual grows in different rates some may learn faster than others. Usually infants first gain a frown they cry and express anger. But besides that approximately after 3 months it develops a smile they are more aware of their environment they have a strong bond with the mother. At first mainly baby’s use imitate learning as Lev Vygotsky stated in one of his theories there are three ways a child learns. Infant copies facial expressions from parent or sibling. Infants socially interact with the parent giving hand gestures for example; a baby is gesturing to its

The child furthermore will start recognizing those familiar faces and there will be those faces that he or she sees mostly and the baby can begin taking interest in others too those who do not spend most of the time with him. In the process of developing the parent will learn that the child begins to reach for things with the assistance of the parent. Moreover, it is at this stage that the child will begin to squirm, laugh and even squeal with delight (Martin, Ruble, & Szkrybalo, 2002).