The 1944 Education Act and its ramifications to date
The purpose of this essay is to identify the features of the 1944 Education Act and its ramifications. The state of education prior to the 1944 Act will be mentioned and how it mirrored society as a whole. A critical appraisal of justifications for selection and comprehensivisation, as a successor to the tripartite system, will be addressed. This paper will also provide an explanation of the selection process and the arguments and problems that relate to it. I will be analysing the sociological ideas and will be discussing post war trends and events in Britain and education in particular and evaluating how issues of ability, IQ, class, gender and or/ethnicity have affected change.
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Few technical schools were established and the secondary modern became the cinderellas of the education service despite providing for the majority of the school population.” (Roger 1986: 3)
This extract shows that new system didn’t manage to reduce the social division it merely replaced it with a newer form of social division.
The nature/nurture debate is neither unique nor particular to the 1944 Act, but it is something to be addressed. Nature, suggesting your intelligence is inherited from your parents and nurture, the belief that learning is affected by the home and the school environment. Relating the debate to the 1944 Act, brings to our attention the difference in education between social classes. The upper and middle class children would have definitely had advantage over the working class children, in terms of cognitive development, as their parents would have been well educated and able to pass on far greater knowledge. They also would have had better living conditions and quieter homes to concentrate on homework. The working class tended to have many children, shared bedrooms would have been common, which was not the ideal learning environment.
The philanthropic aspects of the act were very much linked to the Second World War. The generally poor fitness standards of the working class recruits highlighted to the government that changes needed to be made. Free milk in schools, regular
Nature versus Nurture has been a debate in education since the late 1600’s. The debate began with John Locke 's perspective of children as “tabula rasa” meaning blank slate, when he stated that at birth we are all the same, but it is our unique “experiences that write the script of our behavioral repertoire” (Allen, Boykin, & Jagers, n. d.). His theory states that an individual 's experience and environment is what makes them who they are. This idea gave us the foundation for our “nurture” argument, even though at the time he initially proposed this idea, it was seen to be in direct conflict with ideals of previous philosophers.
“In 1983 American education reform entered a new era. It was in that year that the federal government published a report of the National Commission on Excellence in Education entitled A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform. Commissioned in August 1981 by President Ronald Reagan's secretary of education, Terrel H. Bell, and chaired by David P.” (1). School reform has been poisoning our American educational system for 33 years and keeps on going with Obamas’ No Child Left Behind. This article should inform you on how school reform had developed, what is still causing the problem, and how school reform affects society.
The 20th century saw more changes to education than the thousand years preceding it. This was largely in response to a recently industrialised country; with newly acquired voting rights, it became apparent that education should not be only for elites. Education is a crucial element of social mobility and it is important we fully understand both the positive and negative aspects of previous legislation to help us plan for the future. The were two major 20th century pieces of legislation: 1944 Education Act and 1988 Education Reform Act. Both brought with them changes that are still being felt today. This essay will cover those Acts in detail, along with other sizable changes such as comprehensivisation, marketization and how other external
The 1870 Education Act highlighted inequality in the school system between genders not only in the class room but in the running of schools. This obviously led to a lot of change for the role and status of women in the 1870’s and early 20th century, including creating a political identity, proving women’s ability to work well in politics, and creating an educated generation ready for further radical change.
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), was revamped in 2001 as the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). Due to the time period of the inception and now, there is a pressing need for reform. Even when the law expired four years ago, Congress continued to update the out of date NCLB Act was never seriously considered by the House Committee on Education and the Workforce until now. Since the Republicans assumed control of the House of Representatives, they have created and passed a series of reaffirmation bills out of the particular committee such as the Empowering Parents through Quality Charter Schools Act, which passed through the House of Representatives with a great bipartisan majority. This bill is part of the attempt to reform the outmoded NCLB Act.
Education both influences and reflects the values and aspirations of a society. It is therefore important to recognise a set of common aims, values and purposes that underpin a school curriculum and the work of schools in a range of countries (DfE, 2008). This comparative study will explore the curricula of England and Finland - discussing the history, structure and contents; and consider which of the above are more useful in preparing young adults for life in the modern society. With reference to the modern society, it is important to understand that what makes a society modern is entirely a subjective ideology. This takes into consideration that the views and expectations of one modern society may differ from the views and expectations
The Education system of England and Wales underwent a number of important changes since 1944. This essay seeks to concentrate on these major changes describing the rationale and impact they had on the British education system.
This case history is about the 1944 education act which was an attempt to create the structure for post-war British education, it also raised the school-leaving age to 15 and provided universal free schooling in three different types of schools; grammar, secondary modern and technical. The case study will analyse the schooling and educational opportunities in the context of debates about the 11+ examination; which determined what school you would attend. The Tripartite System was the arrangement of state-funded secondary education between 1945 and the 1970s in England and Wales. It examines Mrs. Q’s childhood and education specifically in relation to the Education Act 1944 and her experiences of the tripartite system.
Education in Great Britain has always been a hot topic for discussion and over the years the education system has undergone many changes. This has been down to the political party in power at the time, pressures of a changing society and the subsequent rise and fall of the national economy. The purpose of this essay is to look at how these factors have affected and developed secondary education in Great Britain starting with a brief overview of the pre-1900’s. Moving through the years in chronological order, the essay will consider various Education Acts and reports, the effect of two World Wars and the controversial Butler Education Act of 1944 when the tripartite system was introduced.
of the issues and flaws found in it, because of those issues, the students do not have the
Differences in Education. In order to make the society even more secure the leaders opened the doors of universities to the best and brightest that were decanted. I found that the top schools, like Eton (Huxley, 1932, p. 148), in the book were only made available to the most formidable thinkers. Such a system confirms my hypothesis that there was a vast difference in just what chances different groups had at getting an education. Simply the fact that these discrepancies exist demonstrates the power of social class in education.
This module provided an overview of a broad range of policy issues which fall under the category of the Education Policy. Educational policy relates to the role of the government in all active steps to dictate the citizens lives. In regards to the “May” portion of the “May-Can-Should,” approach is there should be a jurisdictional separation to the educational policy, Home School, compared to Christian School. The purpose of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is that everyone in the United States has the right to practice his or her own religion, or no religion at all (ACLU, 2015). For that reason, “Congress should make no laws because our personal areas we have control of” (Dunbar,
This essay evaluates how successful the Education Reform Act of 1988 (Also referred to as 'The Baker Act' after secretary of state Kenneth Baker) was in particular reference to the national curriculum of Primary schools. Firstly, to examine the aims of the ERA of 1988 in relation to the national curriculum including why these aims were put in place. Next, it closely looks at the general provisions and how it took public services and turned them into a market (Marketisation of education). Finally, it focuses on the arguments for and against the national curriculum and whether the Education Reform Act was successful of not.
Is child development and learning affected by both nature and nurture? This is a world-wide phenomenon that is pathing the way to many healthy debates from human beings of all socio-economic status around the globe. Yes, both nature and nurture factor into child development in such immense ways, but when thinking about what is the makeup to child development, which influence plays a more significant role in that theory, or are they on equal playing fields. Nature and nurture work simultaneously to address the physical, emotional, relational, intellectual, and spiritual aspects of a child's life, but if we decode the whole child and lay out the concrete steps to child development there are more key and important rudiments submerged into nurture.
The Impact of Sociology of the Social Divisions Examine critically some of the ways in which the sociology of the