The Millennium Development Goals

Of note, Olawale and Garwe’s (2010) literature review is without an introduction and a summary. Additionally, the organisation of the literature does not provide a convincing flow of analysis, for example after an introductory paragraph into the empirical literature, whose information seems to be skewed toward establishing the contribution of new SMEs towards the promotion of economic growth in South Africa and not in their growth themselves, the authors just jump into a new heading ‘The business environment’ without providing clear foresight of this intention. The Literature review was also supposed to highlight what has previous research find out in full and demonstrate an understanding of the variables in

The first and foremost goal of the Millennium development goals is to scale back extreme poverty by the year 2015. Millennium development goals indicators provide a considerable stress on improvement within the condition of the women and children as the result of the history says that they are the foremost suffers of the financial condition. The eight goals of the Millennium development goals are

Considering the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) faced major criticism, the pressure lies on the post-2015 development goals to provide a new and efficient set of criteria for global development. The MDGs were perceived as limited and incomplete, and while there is a more extensive list of SGDs, they remain vague. Once gain the goals are high achieving and unattainable within a 15 year span. Although the world has succeeded in significantly reducing poverty, since the creation of the Millennium Development goals, the world remains a highly unequal place on many levels. The global goals seem to be put in place simply as guidelines in that they are announced world-wide to gain uniformity in our development priorities however actually attaining them is not expected. To put things into perspective, the fight to mediate issues such as the right for women to vote, social equality for people of colour and same-sex marriage took decades to accomplish and at that, the cases are not perfect. These are issues that do not require resources such as food or infrastructure to resolve. By contrast, the SDGs comprise a range of issues that require technology, natural resources, money, infrastructure, and more to be resolved.

The main question to be addressed in this paper pertains to the notion that the best method for development is to set clear, measurable goals such as the Millennium Development Goals. In particular, I will first discuss the arguments supporting and questioning this assertion from a number of authors. I will then consider the question of whether or not this model should be replicated for the next generation of efforts, which are starting to become known as the Sustainable Development Goals. Overall, I will argue that, while it is true that there are benefits to setting clear, measurable targets in terms of engagement, there are significant costs associated with this model that must be considered, particularly going forward.

In the present study we evaluate the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as a framework for measuring development and assess how India and its states are doing in terms of the MDGs. The global community and the UN are busy reviewing the Millennium declaration during ten years into the new millennium. There is a race of the nations to attain their MDGs. Many countries around the world are part of this project and making independent assessment of their country situation. The achievement of the MDGs critically depends on India in world. The sheer size of India and its large share in world population contribute a huge proportion to the global burden of poverty, hunger, malnourishment, illiteracy, diseases and gender discriminations among the other human development problems. MDGs aim to erase these problems from the face of the earth. India has large area with different social dimensions and inequity of distribution among economic classes and social groups. Fundamentals to the absolute and relative size of India’s burden of these problems are the challenges. At the sub-national level a complete understanding of the underlying problem in both quantitative and qualitative terms requires extensive analysis (MDGs India Country Report 2010). This chapter presents overview of all these aspects and a synthesis of key findings and conclusions.

The Sustainable Development Goals are a set of global agendas set by the United Nations to be achieved by the year 2030. They are a continuation of the Millennium Development Goals, which were framed through the Millennium Deceleration in 2000 to address the needs of the world poor (1). The Millennium Development goals included a set of eight easily stated goals with 21 targets and 48 indicators to measure progress (1). Amongst them- reducing child mortality (MDG 4), improving maternal health (MDG 5) and combating HIV-AIDS, malaria and other diseases (MDG 6)- were specifically aimed at improving health (2). This approach provided a clear and focused direction for many of the stakeholders, to work on realizing these goals. The SDGs, on the other hand, are longer with 17 Goals and 126 targets (3). Unlike the MDGs, the SDGs contain one cohesive health goal (SDG 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages), with 9 specific targets and 4 means of implementation within the targets (4) . There is criticism claiming that a switch from three to one goal would reduce the global focus on health. I argue that a simplified SDG goal is sufficient because it builds upon, and strengthens the template set-up in the MDGs. Furthermore, the four proposed ways of implementation to achieve these targets further reinforces the objective (1). Thus, if the work that has been laid out in the MDG era continues with a sustained focus, there is no reason why the priority

According to the Country Report in 2013, South Africa has come along way in terms of achieving the Millennium Development Goals for 2015. When looking at goal one, which has to do with eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, they have almost completed all of the targets. As of 2013, South Africa has achieved the proportion of population below $1.00 per day and the proportion of population below $1.25 per day. They are likely to achieve the proportion of population below $2.00 per day. They have achieved the poverty gap ratio of $1.00, $1.25, and $2.00 per day. They are likely to achieve the poverty gap ratio of $2.50 per day. They are likely to achieve the percentage of employed people living below $1.00 per day. Although they have achieved and are likely to achieve many of these targets for goal one which has to do with poverty, they are unlikely to reach the share of the poorest quintile in national consumption, the percentage growth rate of GDP per person employed, employment-to-population ratio, and the percentage of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment. In terms of hunger they are likely to achieve the percent of prevalence of underweight children less than five years of age. They have also achieved the percentage of people who report experiencing hunger. Goal two is just as accomplished as goal one.

This is a letter to the United Nations' Secretary-General Mr Ban Ki-Moon addressing the status of the MDG targets 2015 with particular focus on eradicating extreme poverty and hunger through achievement of decent employment for women, men, and young people. The focus of the paper will be on analyzing the application of this particular goal within Africa including the obstacles and challenges of its completion in the region followed by appropriate solutions. Current stature of this goal is exhibited below (source: Statistics Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations):

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were established in 2000 to determine, focus on and put into action steps that will fight eight key areas to help underdeveloped countries. The eight targeted areas which are poverty, education, gender equality, child mortality, maternal health, disease, the environment and global partnership place attention on areas that will help the improvement and betterment of underdeveloped countries.

In 2010, the percentage of Americans without health insurance was 16.3%, or 49.9 million uninsured people[ ]. According to the World Health Organization, Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is defined as ensuring that all people pertaining to that region can use the health services they require, “of sufficient quality to be effective”, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship[ ]. This global issue is currently being discussed among world leaders to be placed within the global development agenda of Millennium Development Goals. In 2012, the United Nations General Assembly also encouraged states to recognize the links between universal health coverage and other dimensions

The recent adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly was a strong endorsement of the largest coordinated international development and poverty alleviation experiment in human history: the prior 15 years’ Millennium Development Goals (or MDGs). Created and ratified by the United Nations General Assembly in 2000, the MDGs were a set of eight very ambitious, coordinated targets intended to inform, organize, and direct the global development agenda for the subsequent 15 years. These goals were to:

As the period for reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) comes to a close, assessing not only the goals that have been met, but also the reasons behind why some goals were not reached is of utmost importance for moving forward in development. MDG 1 aimed to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, with the target to halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger and reduce the prevalence of malnutrition, between 1990-2015.

The Millennium Development Goals are a blueprint that was agreed on by the nations of the world to meet the needs of the world’s poor and are to be achieved by 2015. They are to eliminate poverty globally in all its forms. These goals are continually checked through their indicators that determine how much progress has been made. Reports have been done to keep track of progress. The United Nations partners with many agencies, governments, donors and regional commissions in the achievement of the millennium development goals. These include the World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Monetary fund, World Health Organization and International Labour Organization among others.

The small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries such as Ghana have been playing very strategic role in the developmental agenda of the nations in the areas of rapid industrialization and other developmental goals as well as job creation among the youth. The interest in the role of SMEs in the development process continues to be in the forefront of policy debates in most countries. Citing Abor and Quartey (2010), Nyameet al (2013) revealed that SMEs represent 92% of Ghanaian businesses and contribute about 70% to Ghana’s GDP and over 80% to employment for the year 2010. Obviously, SMEs form a greater part of the informal sector, and hence contributes significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) whenever assessing the overall productivity of an economy (Stokes & Wilson, 2006).

The Small and Medium Enterprises worldwide are recognized as engines of economic growth. The commonly perceived merits often emphasized for their promotion especially in the developing countries like Bangladesh include their relatively high labor intensity, dependence on indigenous skills and technology, contributions to entrepreneurship development and innovativeness and growth of industrial linkages. Out of 11% employment of the civilian labor force provided by the manufacturing sector, about two thirds are estimated to be provided by the small and cottage industries sector. Again, development of small industries facilitates the effective mobilization of capital and labor resources. They also help in raising standards of living.