Unknown Lab Report

There are many differents ways to identify a bacterial unknown and many different situations where identification would be beneficial. One way to identify bacterial unknowns is to perform biochemical tests. In this experiment multiple biochemical tests were done, by performing these tests on the bacterial unknown received the two different bacteria were then identified. The citrate test is done to test the ability of organisms to use citrate as a carbon source. This test uses Simmons citrate agar, the agar contains sodium citrate as the only carbon source and has bromothymol blue as the pH indicator. The organisms that use citrate as a carbon source use the enzyme to transport the citrate into the cell. The cells converts ammonium dihydrogen

My unknown organism #6 is Morganella morganii, which is a gram-negative bacillus rods commonly found in the environment and also in the intestinal tracts of humans, mammals, and reptiles as a normal flora. (3, 5) This bacterium Morganella morganii, was first discovered in the 1906 by a British bacteriologist named H. de R. Morgan. (2) Despite its wide distribution, it is an uncommon cause of community-acquired infection and is most often encountered inpostoperative and other nosocomial settings. (2, 3) Morganella morganii infections respond well to appropriate antibiotic therapy; however, its

The main idea of this experiment was to correctly identify the unknown bacteria, #3. Identification of unknown bacteria yields multiple benefits in many different areas in the research of microorganisms. In this experiment I performed many different test dealing with things such as the presence of enzymes, fermentation abilities and different chemical reactions. Observations made from the tests were then compared to a gram negative unknown chart in order to identify the bacteria. Based off of my results and the chart, I concluded the bacteria #3 was the bacteria Escherichia coli. E. coli is most commonly found in the intestines of warm blooded organisms. Most E. coli strands are non pathogenic however, there are strands

Different microbes can transmit and produce different types of diseases and infections. Having an unknown bacterium in the body can be a life and death situation. It is very important especially in the healthcare industry that providers are able to differentiate between organisms that are pathogenic and administer the appropriate treatment to their patients. Applying methods that were previously studied in lab, students must be able to isolate an unknown specimen by using laboratory techniques and biochemical tests.

The bases of this experiment was to discover the identify of the unknown from three possible specimens: Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter aerogenes. Utilizaing the T streak technique, the bacteria was isolated into pure colonies for further study. The Gram Stain method was used to identity the morhphology of the bacteria such as the shape and whether the bacteria was Gram positive or Gram negative. Biochemical test were also used to help identify the unknown bacteria. The biochemical test used was the Triple Sugar Iron Agar, Sulfur Indole Motility test, Methyl Red test, Voges-Proskauer test, Citrate test, Urease test, and the Gelatin test. After observing the morphology of the bacteria using the Gram Stain method and utilizing all the possible biochemical test, the bacteria was identified to be Enterobacter aerogenes.

The purpose of this lab is to identify seven unknown liquids. In class the lab group has been learning about carbs, lipids, and proteins. Carbs are the main source of energy in the human body. The elements to a carb are two hydrogen and one oxygen. Lipids are the main source of stored energy in the human body. A lipid has a lot of carbon and hydrogen and a little bit of oxygen. Proteins do all the work in the body. They make up your structure (bone marrow, collagen, muscles, and organs), they’re your immune system (white blood cells), they’re transportation (red blood cells), and they are also messengers (hormones). In the lab the dependent variable is the negative and positive results to each test. The different tests were: fat test, starch

In order to discover the melting point range of Unknown 33A, a Digimelt was utilized. Melting point is the temperature at which a crystalline structure changes from solid to liquid. By adding thermal energy, the structure changed from solid to liquid. The thermal energy increased the kinetic energy, which then overcame the intermolecular attractive forces between the molecules. This increase in speed allowed the molecules to move more freely. By identifying the melting point range of Unknown 33A, it narrowed the possibilities of the unknown by ruling out the compounds with melting points greater than ± 20°C from Unknown 33A’s melting point range.

The first test executed was the fermentation of carbohydrates. The objective of this particular test is to identify the ability of microorganisms to ferment a specific carbohydrate (Reiner, 2012). The test can be used to identify three different ways in which bacteria can ferment simple carbohydrates. Bacteria can be tested for acidity, alkalinity, whether or not it remains neutral and gas formation (Reiner, 2012). To conduct the carbohydrate fermentation test, a pH indicator, bromocresol purple, is used to indicate an acidic characteristic (Reiner, 2012). Bromocrescol purple indicates carbohydrate fermentation media by turning a deep purple if it’s an uninoculated media, yellow if it’s acidic and purple if it’s alkaline (Reiner, 2012). Durham tubes are placed inside the tubes containing the media and bacteria to detect gas production (Reiner, 2012). Three different carbohydrates were tested for fermentation during this test: glucose, sucrose and lactose for each of the

In the past, and even in modern times like today, it has been vital to distinguish and determine the identities of microorganisms in the world. These identities are not only important in knowing what agent causes various diseases and the treatment to be used, but also in understanding how microbes can be beneficial and valuable to the human body and life as a whole. With that being said, upon beginning this lab, the purpose of this study was to identity and investigate an unknown microorganism by applying the methods that were previously learned and practiced in the microbiology laboratory portion of class.

The purpose of experiment ten was to collect data on an unknown weak acid by watching and measuring the weak acid being neutralized. This was done by using a Vernier Probe and using the data to figure out the identity of the unknown acid. A weak acid will have a strong conjugate base. The pKa of a weak acid can be taken from the – log (ka) or by using pH. To find the pKa using the graph of the pH in the experiment the equivalence point was found and ½ of this point is the pKa of the unknown weak acid. To determine the molar mass of the unknown acid the moles of base has to be determined along with the mass of the acid (Westfield, n.a). The equivalence point needed to determine the pKa is the point of the titration curve where the pH begins

The Phenol Red Broths experiment was done by inoculating the two different unknown pure cultures into tubes where it contains different types of sugar (lactose, sucrose, mannitol and glucose). These tubes were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. Moving on to nitrate reduction experiment, the two unknown bacteria were inoculated in test tubes which it contains nitrate broth. These tubes were incubated for 48 hours at room temperature (25°C). After a few days of incubation, the result of gas production in nitrate broth tubes were observed and the reagent A and B and zinc powder (if needed) were added to test the conversion of nitrate to nitrite. Also on the same day, the casein test was performed by inoculating two unidentified bacteria on a milk agar and left it in the incubator for 48 hours at 37°C. On the oxidase test, the Unknowns were streaked on TSA plates and following 24 hours of incubation at 37°C. Then, to test for catalase, each Unknown was

The petroleum lab and environmental reflect the major focus of the lab well. The abstract concisely communicates the purpose of the lab, the approach, the results, and the significances of the findings. The electrical lab doesn’t have an abstract but sometimes instructors do not require an abstract section. The environmental lab does a better job at writing the abstract because it’s shorter and more direct to the point, therefore easier to understand.

Bacteria are ubiquitous and ever changing, making the ability to identify unknown bacteria extremely important. Knowing a bacterium and its characteristics gives insight to how it responds to its environment and how it affects humans, which can affect the medical and pharmaceutical fields. The purpose of this lab was to determine an unknown bacterium through the use of varied approaches, to ultimately obtain more comprehensive results than a singular approach would. Approaches used in this lab include classical approaches, such as biochemical tests, staining and Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, as well as genomic approaches like isolation sequencing, polymerase chain reaction, electrophoresis, and a BLAST sequence database. It

This test attempts to extrapolate a microbe’s ability to ferment or oxidize glucose. The pH indicator utilized in this test was Bromthymol blue, which is yellow when acid is present. The procedure involved stabbing two O-F tubes of glucose. One tube needed a layer of sterile oil to create an anaerobic environment

Maintenance of genomic integrity is crucial for cell survival in resistance to endogenous and exogenous environmental insults to the genetic material. Multiple DNA repair pathways coordinate the response to such genotoxins and protect our genome [1]. Endogenous insults may be generated as a byproduct of cellular metabolism in the form of reactive oxygen species or during physiological processes such as meiotic recombination, mating-type switching in yeasts, V(D)J recombination and DNA replication-transcription collision [2-5]. Exogenous stresses include hypoxia, radiation and dietary carcinogens [6, 7]. Depending on the nature of damage to the DNA structure which, may range from breaks in phosphodiester bonds such