Wolly Mammoth Research Paper

In the ‘NOVA LABS; The Evolution Lab,’ we found that creating a phylogenetic tree can show how different species are related to each other. A simple body part, like a vertebrate, can put species into a certain group. This means that history can prove that species do change over time because one branch represents a single species that has had a speciation. When a speciation occurs, over time, more branches appear with more species on each, which creates a tree that has more biodiversity. In ‘The Stickleback Fish - A Story of Modern Evolution’ activity, it states, “The Three-Spined Stickleback is a model organism for studies in evolution.” This means actions, such as breeding Stickleback, can help scientists see how the fish and other organisms evolve because the Stickleback fish has such a short life-span, that they can breed and get results, fast. In brief, history can prove that species do change over time because breeding can show how the Stickleback population has occurred and how different traits can be expressed in the future generations. In the ‘Comparative Anatomy’ activity, we found that when looking at two different species, you can see how they are related because both species can possess similar traits and forms. When comparing different species, you can see how different and similar two species’ bodily structures are. When looking at the bodily structures, you could see how the species has evolved over time and how some body parts stay the same. In short, history can prove that species do change over time because creating phylogenetic trees, breeding species, and comparing body parts can help scientist see who the species evolved from and how these species can continue to

Throughout time, horses have evolved as a response to environmental changes and other factors. Beginning in the Eocene, the number of horse forms increased dramatically; exhibiting a variety of distinct adaptions to different environments (lab notes). However, by the end of the Pleistocene, the diversity disappeared, leaving a single extant genus; the Eqqus. During the 55 million years in which horses are believed to be evolving, and as environmental changes were taking place, there were changes in the vegetation of North America, Eurasia and Africa, influencing distinct selective forces. As a result, natural selection produced morphological adaptions; observed in the fossil record.

Introduction: In this lab we are trying to examine on evolution. To see the change over time. Evolution shows where an organism comes from, so if we retrace it to the beginning of its time we will be able to know more about the organism and its ancestors more reliable than an opinion. Measuring the skulls and comparing the the measurements can help us see how far the animal has came and how it changed over time. Also get to see who's related to who and how.

Through these results scientists were able to provide evidence of the body shape and structure of the extinct giraffe.

mammoth mitochondrial genomes and fossil samples recovered from across the Mammoths Holarctic range, the authors of this article have unlocked new information relating to Mammoth Evolution. The outcome of their experiment confirms the mammoth population called Pleistocene, the most recent species, features 3 unique mitochondrial family lines which began diversion ~1.0-2.0 million years ago.

The Wooly Mammoth is a massive creature that walked our Earth up until four thousand years ago when the last mammoth died and the species was labeled extinct. They are defined as huge, shaggy looking elephants with massive tusks and a slanted back. These gentle giants were grazers, eating the grass of the open tundra. The combination of the last ice age and over hunting from humans is the most likely cause of their extinction, but scientists have not come up with a definite reason for their

Another topic that interested me is how the Neanderthals are our closest extinct human relatives. They have a very similar build compared to us today. I have learned that Neanderthals are a little bit shorter then most of us. How the scientist recovered DNA from remains from the Neanderthals, and they analyzed it. The scientists have

Chapter 4 examines how biologists use phylogeny to reconstruct the deep past. evolutionary reversal theory is an important to relates ancestral between this organism and others. These organisms are monotreme, and in fact, modern monotremes are the survivors of an early branching of the mammal tree, and a later branching is thought to have led to the marsupial and placental groups. The extinct monotremes Teinolophos and Steropodon were once thought to be a closely related to this organism. Because of the early divergence for the therian mammals and the low numbers of extant monotreme species, this organism is a frequent subject of research in evolutionary

Buckley M (2015) Ancient collagen reveals evolutionary history of the endemic South American 'ungulates '. Proc Biol Sci 282: 20142671–20142671

Evolution for the horses are good example for this topic. The evolution of the horse happened over a geologic time scale of 50 million years, transforming the small, dog-sized into the modern horse. According to the theory of evolution, it is possible to follow horse evolution through millions of years: how the horse slowly became stronger and bigger, lost lot of its toes and their tooth structure has been changed due to change diet habits from a wide leaved plants, trees and bushes to eating hard dry grass. This evolution is have been gone through by a cool and dry climate. Their toes used to be four at the front and three at the back, spread-eagled at different angles which helps them from sinking in the muddy ground. As the climate became

Genetics also found that the closest DNA sequence of whale was hippopotamus, probably they had a common ancestor

Evolution refers to change over time due to natural selection as organisms adapt and diverge to produce multiple descendant species (Huxley L., Walter M., 2005, p. 698). Two pillars which form the basis of all current knowledge of evolution originate from the historical record of evolutionary change, fossil record and the study of the process of evolutionary change, specifically the effect of natural selection. Recent developments in science, including molecular and developmental biology, have greatly contributed to the understanding of biological diversity and how evolution has changed multiple species, particularly the human species (Losos J., 2014, pp. 3).

In 2000, Braton and Dartington proposed the concept of mosaic evolution of mammalian brain structures according to which all brain structures evolved independently. Another consideration is that brain must fit into the skull. In this regard in 2007 Dumber and Shults suggested that if development constrains the skull size evolution the brain evolution is accompanied by increased growth of one region and decrease in other region rather than increased

Researchers now realize that Darwin had the right thought however the wrong creature: Instead of taking a gander at bears, he ought to have rather been taking a gander at bovines and hippopotamuses. The account of the starting point of whales is one of advancement's most intriguing stories and one of the best cases researchers have of characteristic

Surprisingly, it is not the fossils’ themselves, or even the fossils’ old age, that makes the discovery unique. The DNA samples from these bones, however, offer valuable insight into the same molecular clock that scientists use to investigate the evolutionary history of animals. Because the “ancient DNA extracted from the frozen Adélie penguin bones was of high quality” (Lambert & Ritchie), scientists were able to analyze any and all major splits between the two discovered lineages. By comparing the DNA of ancient bone samples to samples from modern day living animals, researchers “constructed median networks” in order to “display relationships