Q: What happens during duplication?
A: Mutations are defined as the permanent change in the DNA’s base sequence. An agent that causes…
Q: What are polyribosomes?
A: Introduction During active translation, many ribosomes are attached to the mRNA thread, forming a…
Q: What do you mean by translocation?
A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…
Q: What causes nonreciprocal translocation?
A: All cellular systems are controlled by proteins. Proteins are synthesized by the cell by a process…
Q: explain the symptoms of Robertsonian translocation?
A: Robertsonian translocation is a type of translocational chromosomal aberration in which acrocentric…
Q: How do translocations in which no genetic information is lost or gained produce phenotypic effects?
A: Translocation is caused Due to separation of a chromosome segment and its union to a nonhomologous…
Q: Why are the nonrecombinant offspring more common than the recombinant offspring?
A: Reproduction is a natural process in which offspring’s are produced from the parents. Reproduction…
Q: What unusual feature of the Y chromosome allows some recombination among the genes found on it?
A: Every individual has 23 pairs of chromosomes, out of which 22 are identical, one ie sex chromosome…
Q: What is tandem and non tandem duplication?
A: A major mechanism by which new genetic material is produced during molecular evolution is gene…
Q: How many genes are there present on chromosome 16 ?
A: Chromosomes are long thread like structures that contain the genetic information in the form of…
Q: How do translocations such as the Philadelphia chromosome contribute to cancer?
A: Translocations generate novel chromosomes, a segment from one chromosome is transferred to a…
Q: The following diagram represents two nonhomologous chromosomes: A B • C D E F G R S • T U V W X What…
A: There are four types of chromosomal mutations: deletion, duplication, inversion and translocation.…
Q: What is a Pericentric inversion?
A: The chromosomes are the thread like structure that contains hereditary information in the form of…
Q: What is an example of translocation?
A: Translocation is a chromosomal aberration in which two non-homologous chromosomes exchange their…
Q: What are recombinant chromosomes? How do they differ fromthe original parental chromosomes from…
A: Recombination is the process in which sequences of DNA molecules are broken and then recombined to…
Q: How many genes are there present on chromosome 15 ?
A: A chromosome is a microscopic structure that consists of proteins and DNA, and is present in every…
Q: What is a segmental duplication?
A: DNA is the genetic material present within the nucleus in the cell. It maintains the heredity of the…
Q: What is a Robertsonian translocation?
A: Translocation can be defined as the movement of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences in between two…
Q: How many genes are there present on chromosome 18 ?
A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a long molecule. It contains the instructions an organism required to…
Q: What is pseudodominance and how is it produced by a chromosome deletion?
A: The expression of typically recessive transformation that is created when the dominant wild sort…
Q: What is the chromosome abnormality in cri du chat syndrome?
A: Cri-du-chat syndrome, commonly known as 5p- (5p minus) syndrome. Infants with this syndrome…
Q: What DNA sequence feature is required for a G-quadruplex to form?
A: G-quadruplex formed are formed in telomeric sequences which are highly polymorphic. A four repeat…
Q: physical appearances of individuals affected by the abnormality structure of deletion, inversion,…
A: The phenotypes of individuals are effected by numerous factors. As much as it depends on factors…
Q: What occurs during duplication chromosomal mutation?
A: Mutations are defined as sudden heritable change which alters the expression of a gene.
Q: What is the chromosome abnormality in fragile X syndrome?
A: Moderate mental retardation in affected individuals and mild cognitive impairment in affected…
Q: What causes reciprocal translocation?
A: Translocation is a type of chromosomal abnormality in which a chromosome breaks and a portion of it…
Q: What is Robertsonian translocation Down syndrome?
A: Translocation is a type of chromosomal abnormality in which a chromosome breaks and a portion of it…
Q: Is Robertsonian translocation reciprocal?
A: Chromosomes are thread-like structures that are located in the nucleus. It is composed of protein…
Q: What are the possible effects of chromosomal rearrangements?
A: In genetics, a chromosomal rearrangement or Any alternation in the sequence of nucleotide in the…
Q: What are duplication chromosomes ?
A: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the number and arrangement of genes in the chromosomes. They…
Q: Are mutations that arise during mitosis or meiosis the same?
A: The genetic material consists of a nucleotide sequence that results in the expression of the…
Q: What are chromosomal islands? Why are theyconsidered to be of foreign origin?
A: Chromosomes are long thread-like structures that carry coded genetic information in the form of DNA.…
Q: What is nonautonomous transposition?
A: Transposition refers to the translocation in which the segment of the chromosome is relocated…
Q: How many genes are there present on chromosome 23 ?
A: Chromosomes are the carrier of genetic material deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). They are coiled in…
Q: What is the difference between a paracentric and a pericentric inversion?
A: Chromosomes are thread-like structures situated inside the nucleus of plant and animal cells. Each…
Q: What is the approximate size of chromosome 7 inMb?
A: Chromosomes are thread-like structures that are located in the nucleus. It is composed of protein…
Q: How many genes are there present on chromosome 14 ?
A: Chromosomes are the small structures like a thread situated within the nucleus ofvarious plant and…
Q: What are the methods to detect chromosomal rearrangements?
A: Chromosomes carry the genetic material DNA. Gene is a segment of DNA. The necessary information for…
Q: The following diagram represents two nonhomologous chromosomes: A B • C D E F G R S • T U V W X What…
A: A non-reciprocal translocation is a kind of chromosomal translocation that occurs between non…
Q: How many genes are there present on chromosome 17 ?
A: A chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes. Each ordinary human cell contains 23 sets of…
Q: what is Robertsonian translocations ?
A: A chromosomal abnormality or chromosomal disorder is a missing, extra, or irregular portion of…
Q: What causes Robertsonian translocation?
A: erved gene order and therefore the option is incorrect. 64.) Translocation is transfer of a part of…
Q: What is the nucleous for?
A: Given : The nucleolus for.
Q: What is a balanced chromosomal rearrangement?
A: Chromosomes carry the genetic material DNA. Chromosomes may undergo rearrangements that are the…
Q: What the term Translocation defines in the context of chromosomal ?
A: A chromosome is a lengthy DNA molecule that contains all or parts of an organism's genetic material.…
Q: What is the divisome?
A: DIVISOME--Definition--It is defined as a complex proteins molecule in bacteria that is responsible…
Q: What are the four types of chromosomal rearrangements?
A: Chromosomal rearrangements are the mutations in the chromosomes that alter the structures of…
1)
What type of chromosome abnormality does the father have?
a)Duplication
b)Inversion
d)Translocation
2)
Why does the father have a normal
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- A couple was referred for genetic counseling because they wanted to know the chances of having a child with dwarfism. Both the man and the woman had achondroplasia (MIM 100800), the most common form of short-limbed dwarfism. The couple knew that this condition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, but they were unsure what kind of physical manifestations a child would have if it inherited both mutant alleles. They were each heterozygous for the FGFR3 (MIM 134934) allele that causes achondroplasia. Normally, the protein encoded by this gene interacts with growth factors outside the cell and receives signals that control growth and development. In achrodroplasia, a mutation alters the activity of the receptor, resulting in a characteristic form of dwarfism. Because both the normal and mutant forms of the FGFR3 protein act before birth, no treatment for achrondroplasia is available. The parents each carry one normal allele and one mutant allele of FGRF3, and they wanted information on their chances of having a homozygous child. The counsellor briefly reviewed the phenotypic features of individuals with achondroplasia. These include facial features (large head with prominent forehead; small, flat nasal bridge; and prominent jaw), very short stature, and shortening of the arms and legs. Physical examination and skeletal X-ray films are used to diagnose this condition. Final adult height is approximately 4 feet. Because achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant condition, a heterozygote has a 1-in-2, or 50%, chance of passing this trait to his or her offspring. However, about 75% of those with achondroplasia have parents of average size who do not carry the mutant allele. In these cases, achondroplasia is due to a new mutation. In the couple being counseled, each individual is heterozygous, and they are at risk for having a homozygous child with two copies of the mutated gene. Infants with homozygous achondroplasia are either stillborn or die shortly after birth. The counselor recommended prenatal diagnosis via ultrasounds at various stages of development. In addition, a DNA test is available to detect the homozygous condition prenatally. What is the chance that this couple will have a child with two copies of the dominant mutant gene? What is the chance that the child will have normal height?A couple was referred for genetic counseling because they wanted to know the chances of having a child with dwarfism. Both the man and the woman had achondroplasia (MIM 100800), the most common form of short-limbed dwarfism. The couple knew that this condition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, but they were unsure what kind of physical manifestations a child would have if it inherited both mutant alleles. They were each heterozygous for the FGFR3 (MIM 134934) allele that causes achondroplasia. Normally, the protein encoded by this gene interacts with growth factors outside the cell and receives signals that control growth and development. In achrodroplasia, a mutation alters the activity of the receptor, resulting in a characteristic form of dwarfism. Because both the normal and mutant forms of the FGFR3 protein act before birth, no treatment for achrondroplasia is available. The parents each carry one normal allele and one mutant allele of FGRF3, and they wanted information on their chances of having a homozygous child. The counsellor briefly reviewed the phenotypic features of individuals with achondroplasia. These include facial features (large head with prominent forehead; small, flat nasal bridge; and prominent jaw), very short stature, and shortening of the arms and legs. Physical examination and skeletal X-ray films are used to diagnose this condition. Final adult height is approximately 4 feet. Because achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant condition, a heterozygote has a 1-in-2, or 50%, chance of passing this trait to his or her offspring. However, about 75% of those with achondroplasia have parents of average size who do not carry the mutant allele. In these cases, achondroplasia is due to a new mutation. In the couple being counseled, each individual is heterozygous, and they are at risk for having a homozygous child with two copies of the mutated gene. Infants with homozygous achondroplasia are either stillborn or die shortly after birth. The counselor recommended prenatal diagnosis via ultrasounds at various stages of development. In addition, a DNA test is available to detect the homozygous condition prenatally. Should the parents be concerned about the heterozygous condition as well as the homozygous mutant condition?Arial 11 BIUA 田 回▼ 三=三|三|: 12 II 4. Below is a diploid cell in meiosis. a. Label one set of homologous chromosomes, one set of sister chromatids and one set of heterologous chromosomes. b. How many alleles of the 'A' alleles are present in the cell at Prophase 1? c. How many copies of the 'A' genes are present in each cell at Prophase II? d. How many 'a' alleles are present in Anaphase 1? e. How many 'F' alleles are present in each cell in Metaphase I? f. How many 'f alleles are present in each cell in Metaphase ll? g. How many 'F' genes are present in each gamete? h. How many chromosomes will be present in each gamete? MacBook Air
- 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 ху Which chromosome set has an extra What diagnosis would you give this patient?. Finish the notation for this patient's karyotype: What causes a dark band on the chromosome? What is a centromere?A 43-year-old (gravida 2, para 2) pregnant woman requests chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and a karyotype of her fetus because of concerns about Down syndrome. Chorionic villus cells reveal the following karyotype: 2 3 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 %3D 19 20 21 22 X X Y With this karyotype from CVS, discussion of the results with a genetic counselor would include which one of the following? a. Normal child b. Male with mild to moderate learning problems and infertility c. Female with mild to moderate learning problems and delayed puberty d. Generally normal male, however some degree of short stature and precocious puberty e. Generally normal female, however some degree of short stature and infertilityA young couple is planning to have children. Knowing that there have been a substantial number of stillbirths, miscarriages, and fertility problems on the husband’s side of the family, they see a genetic counselor. A chromosome analysis reveals that, whereas the woman has a normal karyotype, the man possesses only 45 chromosomes and is a carrier of a Robertsonian translocation between chromosomes 22 and 13. Q. What types of zygotes will develop when each of gametes produced by the man fuses with a normal gamete produced by the woman?
- During a practical, a group of biology students are tasked to study the cell cycle of an insect. This insect has the karyotype 2n=6, with genotype Ff Gg Hh KK. The students must draw a cell at the end of telophase of mitosis, using red lines for maternal chromosomes, blue lines for paternal chromosomes and black dots to represent centromeres. The drawing provided by the students is shown below. kt a) Identify three mistakes the students made when producing this diagram. In your answer only refer to elements already present in the figure. b) This fly is used in a testcross. What is the probability of producing a fly with genotype ff Gg hh Kk?C B 2089202222 a b d B А. a e The figure above shows images of five different cells. Each box contains an image that represents a cell of an AaBb dihybrid that is in some stage of meiosis or mitosis. The lines represent chromatids. The letters on the lines represent alleles. The shaded region shows the shape of the cell. Refer to this figure as you consider the questions below. Each box contains an image that represents a cell of an AaBb dihybrid that is in some stage of meiosis or mitosis. The lines represent chromatids. The letters on the lines represent alleles. The shaded region shows the shape of the cell. Refer to this figure as you consider the questions below. Each box represents a cell in meiosis or mitosis. The lines represent chromatids. The letters next to the lines represent alleles. The shaded region shows the shape of the cell. The A gene controls an X-linked trait. The B gene controls an autosomal trait. Refer to this figure as you consider questions X-Y below + 8)…A women is heterozygous, Aa, for classic albinism and this gene maps to chromosome 11, and is a carrier for haemophilia, an X-linked trait (H/h). Provide a diagram of chromosomes 11 and the sexchromosomes (show the alleles associated with albinism and haemophilia) in the cells involved with normal oogenesis for this female. Start with the oogonium and end with the mature ovum; you can ignore all polar bodies. Your diagrams should show the chromatids clearly and all cells must be labelled. Indicatethe total number of chromosomes and chromatids for each cell stage.
- n corn, male sterility is controlled by maternal cytoplasmic elements. This phenotype renders the male part of the corn plants (i.e the tassel) unable to produce fertile pollen; the female parts, however, remain receptive to pollination by pollen from male fertile corn plants. However, the presence of a nuclear fertility restorer gene F restores fertility to male sterile lines sing the cardboard chips, simulate the crosses indicated below. Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offsprings in each cross, and properly label the nucleus and the cytoplasm of each individual in the cross Legend male sterile cytoplasm Male fertile cytoplasm FF nucleus Ff nucleus ff nucleus A. Male sterile female x FF male Explain the phenotype of the offspring B. Male sterile female x Ff male Explain the phenotype of the offspringDraw and label the mitotic phases (prophase, metaphase, anaphase & telophase) and meiotic phases (prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, & telophase II) for 2N=6. Be sure to indicate the chromosomal complement at each stage and whether the chromosomes are duplicated (consisting of sister chromatids) or not. For the meiotic phases, please add the following labels to your diagrams: In prophase I: tetradIn metaphase I: nonsister chromatidsIn anaphase I: homologous chromosomes, kinetochore microtubule In telophase I: sister chromatidsIn prophase II: centriolesIn metaphase II: centromereIn anaphase II: nonkinetochore microtubule, astral raysIn telophase II: cleavage furrowThe image shows the karyotype of someone suffering from Patau syndrome. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 開講罪崩崩崩销 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Which chromosome set in the karyotype shows abnormality? chromosome set 5 chromosome set 13 O chromosome set 15 chromosome set 22