1. From page 41 of the slides, in the data link layer, does the MAC frame change in the transmission?
Q: B/ write rebort about DHCP or DNS protocol.
A: DHCP and DNS are some most essential services in the IT industry. The work of the DHCP server is to…
Q: Determine the contents of the length field for MAC frame for the following conditions: a. 1000-byte…
A: As per the policy, only first three sub-parts are answered.
Q: A bit string, 0111101111101111110, needs to be transmitted at the data link layer: What is the…
A: The Answer is in Below Steps
Q: ink State Protocols, and what are som
A: Introduction: Below exactly are Link State Protocols and some examples
Q: True or false, and please provide a short explanation for your response to the following questions:…
A: We need to find if the given statement is true or false.
Q: A stream of data is being carried by STS-1 frames. If the data rate of the stream is 49.540 Mbps,…
A:
Q: The minimum frame size needed for a CSMA/CD based network running at 1 Gbps on a 500m cable with a…
A: About the minimum frame size needed for given of CSMA/CD based network
Q: a.What are the assumptions which has taken in Elementary data link protocol
A: Introduction :We have to explain assumptions which has taken in Elementary data link protocols.
Q: In a Layer 1 frame, what information is normally included?
A: To be determine: In a Layer 1 frame, what information is normally included?
Q: True or false, and briefly explain your response to the following questions: When both the…
A: False
Q: In a Layer 1 frame, what information is normally provided?
A: Answer: In the OSI reference model, there is seven-layer. 1. Physical Layer 2. Data Link Layer 3.…
Q: he physical layer is concerned with the transmission of bits across a physical media. Clarify?
A: Introduction: The physical layer is concerned with the transmission of bits across physical media.…
Q: Describe the three broad classes of MAC protocols.
A: MAC PROTOCOL: MAC stands for Medium Access Control protocol. This layer protocol basically controls…
Q: Suppose the IEEE 802.11 RTS and CTS frames were as long as the standard DATA and ACK frames. Would…
A:
Q: In a Layer 1 frame, what information is usually included?
A: Please find the detailed answer in the following steps.
Q: Name the two host-tohost layer protocols important to remember
A: The two host-tohost layer protocols important to remember are:-
Q: If the maximum transfer unit i.e. maximum Frame Size, for the considered Physical layer technology…
A: GIVEN: If the maximum transfer unit i.e. maximum Frame Size, for the considered Physical layer…
Q: b) “A source device only performs data de-encapsulation process at the network layer from frame to…
A: De-encapsulation takes place in receiving computer. In de-encapsulation process, header and trailer…
Q: What information is typically provided in a Layer 1 frame?
A: In any model like OSI or TCP/IP, Layer 1 is the Physical layer which deals with the hardware…
Q: Is it true that a narrowband channel transfers data at a snail's pace? Why?
A: Introduction: Narrowband communication uses a narrow bandwidth. A narrowband channel is one in which…
Q: Suppose the normal DATA and ACK frames is IEEE 802.11 RTS and CTS frames. Will the use of CTS and…
A: Using CTS and RTS frames that are the same length as the normal DATA and ACK frames has little…
Q: What type of information is normally provided in a Layer 1 frame is described below.
A: High-level data link control(HDLC) generally provides flexibility to simply support all options that…
Q: Why is an ARP query sent within a broadcast frame? Why is an ARP response sent within a frame with a…
A: The following is the explanation for sending an ARP request as a broadcast message:
Q: a broadcast framework? What is the purpose
A: ARP request is sent as broadcast because initially it don't know the particular target MAC address…
Q: What will be the efficiency of a Stop and Wait protocol, if the transmission time for a frame is…
A: Introduction :Given ,Stop and wait protocol Tt = 20 ns Tp = 30 nswe have to find the efficiency of…
Q: The layer provide physical device addressing, device-to-device delivery of frames and media access…
A: DLL or Data link layer has a part called MAC or media access control and it is used to find who has…
Q: What is Link State Protocols and example?
A: GIVEN: What is Link State Protocols and example?
Q: ISO/OSI Reference Model, which layer is responsible for negotiating frame size and transmission…
A: given: ISO/OSI Reference Model, which layer is responsible for negotiating frame size and…
Q: Transmitted data in a physical layer in OSI model called frames. O False O True
A: Please find the explanation in the following steps.
Q: A frame size 10 million bytes is being sent on a link with with bandwidth of 8 Mbps. The total…
A: Hi Dear!! Please give positive feedback!! Frame of size = 10 million bits = 10 × bytes = 10000000…
Q: Is the XDR capable of providing functionality in the Application Layer?
A: XDR: Extended Detection and Response (XDR) is a "SaaS-based, vendor-specific security threat…
Q: Consider the use of 1000-bit frames on a 1 Mbps satellite channel with a 270 ms delay. What is the…
A: Introduction :Given , Frame size = 1000 bits bandwidth = 1 Mbps Propagation delay = 270 msWe have to…
Q: 9. Assume we have three channels, two with bit rates of 100 kbps and another with a bit rate of 200…
A: The question is on solving Q9 related to Time Division Multiplexing.
Q: Question 3: A) Differentiate between the function of Frame Synchronization and Flow Control in Data…
A: Answer to the above question is in step2.
Q: A link has a signal-to-noise ratio of 2000 and a bandwidth of 12000 KHz. What is the maximum data…
A: Here in this question we have given signal to noise ratio =2000 Bandwidth= 12000khz Find - maximum…
Q: Transmitted data in a physical layer in OSI model called frames. O False True
A: As per our guidelines, we are supposed to answer only one question. Kindly repost the remaining…
Q: With cropped Wireshark screenshots, and your own words, explain the relationships between datagrams…
A: Segment: If the transport protocol is TCP, the unit of data sent from TCP to network layer is called…
Q: Consider sliding window protocol for 80Mbps point - to - point link with propagation delay of 2 sec.…
A: Given, Bandwidth = 80 Mbps Frame Size = 4 KB = 4096 * 8 bits = 32768 bits Propagation delay = tp = 2…
Q: True or false, and briefly explain your responses on the following questions: When the transmitter…
A: True. In alternating bit protocol, the sequence number of the packet alternates between 0 and 1. In…
Q: Is the XDR capable of providing functionality in the application layer, and if so, how?
A: Intro Extended detection and response (XDR) facilitate data visibility over networks, clouds,…
Q: If the passenger is a datagram, what is similar to the connection layer frame?
A: In the transportation analogy, the frame is analogous to:
Q: The protocol data unit (PDU) for the data link layer in the Internet stack is called ___________.…
A: Protocol data unit for data link layer Protocol data unit is a single unit of information…
Q: In WEP, an IV is sent in the clear in every frame. True or False
A: WEP stands for wired equivalent privacy and it is security algorithm for IEEE 802.11.
Q: What information is usually provided in a Layer 1 frame?
A: Introduction: Layer 1, or the physical layer, is the lowest layer of a communication system's…
Q: 8. What are the three categories of medium access control protocols? Compare and contrast them.
A: Categories of Medium Access ProtocolsMedium access protocols can be broadly classified into three…
Q: Which layer is responsible for converting frames from the Data Link layer into electrical signals?
A: Given: Which layer is responsible for converting frames from the Data Link layer into electrical…
Q: Why is an ARP query submitted in a broadcast framework? Why is an ARP answer submitted in a frame…
A: According to the asked question, the solution is given below with a proper explanation.
Q: Which layer of the ISO/OSI Reference Model takes care of negotiating frame size and transmission…
A: To be determine: Which layer of the ISO/OSI Reference Model takes care of negotiating frame size and…
Q: Discuss the OSI layer and its purposes, as well as the protocols that operate in each of the seven…
A: Introduction: The OSI Model is a logical and conceptual model of network communication used to…
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- 1. Mention the protocols over which the protocol is encapsulated, to which layer ARP belongs. 2. What is the Target's Hardware Address = a8:9f:ec:bb:78:f0 in the frame and what is the Destination Address = a8:9f:ec:bb:78:f0 in the ARP request packet? Why? 3. Mention the protocol over which the ICMP protocol is encapsulated. - Explain a little in the answers1. What is the difference between packet fragmentation (i.e., at network layer) and frame frag- mentation (i.e., at link layer) in terms of purpose? 2. Suppose that host A is connected to a router R1, R1 is connected to another router, R2, and R2 is connected to host B. Suppose that a TCP message that contains 800 bytes of data and 20 bytes of TCP header is passed to the IP function at host A for delivery to B. Show the Total length, DF, MF, and Fragment offset fields of the IP header in each packet transmitted over the three links. (Assume that link A-R1 can support a maximum frame size of 1024 bytes including a 14-byte frame header, link R1-R2 can support a maximum frame size of 512 bytes, including an 8-byte frame header, and link R2-B can support a maximum frame size of 432 bytes including a 12-byte frame header.) (*hint: the Fragment offset field is denominated by 8-bytes, not bytes) 3. What is the purpose of the path MTU discovery process (see textbook Figure 5-42) and why does…One, why do protocols like HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and POP3 use TCP instead than UDP? When comparing Routing and Forwarding, what are the key distinctions? Three, explain HOL blocking. Which ports, input or output, are affected?
- Create a chart that begins with the OSI Seven-layer model on the left-hand side. Next, a column that describes the function of the layer. Then a column that lists the Protocol Data Units (such as Datagrams, Frames, etc) that correspond to each layer in the OSI model. Continue this process for the major hardware or software applications that function in each layer (not all layers have corresponding applications). The last column should be the TCP/IP model aligned to the appropriate layers of the OSI seven-layer model. This should result in a document that looks something like the chart tab (with the blank spaces filled in!)Question 1: True or False: [ ] Telephone network is an example of Packet Switching network. [ ] It is the network layer’s responsibility to forward packets reliably from the source to the destination [ ] Flow control is required to assure that the source does not overwhelm the destination by sending data faster than they can be processed and absorbed. [ ] The key elements of a Protocol are syntax, semantics, and error control [ ] User Datagram Protocol (UDP) can guarantee data delivery. [ ] Routing decision is always required for every packet of a message at each node in packet switched network. [ ] In OSI model data link layer provides for the reliable transfer of information across the physical link; sends blocks (frames) with the necessary synchronization, error control, and flow control. [ ] The transport layer is responsible for hop-by-hop communication. [ ] Because the boundaries between layer are well defined change in standard in one layer effect already existing…Is it actually the case that MAC addresses are where packet routing takes place when it comes to routers? Then could you please explain how it operates, and if you said no, could you please describe the apparatus that would be required to do the task, as well as how it operates?
- 10. Suppose a computer sends a frame to another computer on a bus topology LAN. The physical destination address of the frame is corrupted during the transmission. What happens to the frame? How can the sender be informed about the situation? 11. Suppose a computer sends a packet at the network layer to another computer somewhere in the Internet. The logical destination address of the packet is corrupted. What happens to the packet? How can the source computer be informed of the situation? 12. Suppose a computer sends a packet at the transport layer to another computer somewhere in the Internet. There is no process with the destination port address running at the destination computer. What will happen? 13. If the data link layer can detect errors between hops, why do you think we need another checking mechanism at the transport layer?In the topology, Laptop 1 (Please assign an IP address from your design) sends a packet to Laptop 3 (Please assign an IP address from your design). Show the contents of the packets and frames at the network and data link layer respectively for each hop interface. You may assign any MAC address contains 12 Haxa Decimal Character at each hop interfaces between source and destination. A Sample MAC address is given in the topology.Suppose a computer sends a frame to another computer on a bus topology LAN. The physical destination address of the frame is corrupted during the transmission. What happens to the frame? How can the sender be informed about the situation? Suppose a computer sends a packet at the network layer to another computer somewhere in the Internet. The logical destination address of the packet is cor- rupted. What happens to the packet? How can the source computer be informed of the situation?
- In the above network diagram, IP and MAC addresses are given for network nodes. Suppose Host1 (Shahid) sends a datagram to Host2 (Khalid). What IP and MAC addresses (source and destination) will be written in IP and Data link layer headers respectively, for the following intermediate points from Host1 to Host2? Host1 to Router1 (R1) Router1 to Router2 (R2) Router2 to Host2With Network Address Translation, a router changes a private IP address in the IP header to the public IP address of the router, and the source port number (TCP or UDP) is changed to a port number selected by the router. Assuming the transport layer protocol being used is UDP, what other field of the UDP header may need to be changed? a. Length O b. Destination port Checksum с.Communication between routers on the per-router control plane (or classical network) is accomplished using IP destination forwarding. To what extent does this message forwarding mechanism based on a recipient's IP address have restrictions? Provide at least three limitations, illuminating them via specific examples. The question is, what part does Software-Defined Networking (SDN) play in solving these problems? This will be explained with certain instances.