11. List 2 polysaccharides that provide structure and strength. What is interesting about the orientation/shape/bonding/architecture in these molecules?
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- 10. List 2 polysaccharides that are used for energy storage. What is interesting about the orientation/shape/bonding/architecture in these molecules?7. a) In terms of molecular bonds, why do starches supply more energy than simple sugars?1) Which of the following statement(s) regarding the ends of polysaccharides are true? All polysaccharides have at least one reducing end. Some polysaccharides may have no reducing end. Some polysaccharides may have no non-reducing ends. All polysaccharides have a N-glycosidic bond at their reducing ends. none of the above 2) The transformation of a monosaccharide into its ______ occurs easily and does not require the assistance of a catalyst. epimer anomer sugar alcohol diastereomer zwitterion
- 9. a) Nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides all share a similar structure. How is the structure of lipids different from these macromolecules?7. If a macromolecule such as maltose is separated into glucose and glucose monomers, molecule(s) must be added back to the molecules. This process is called 8. Name four food examples high in the following (not discussed in the lab): (4) monosaccharide, (4) disaccharide, (4) polysaccharide, (4) fat, and (4) protein. Protein Mono- Di- Poly- Lipid (fat)1. An oligosaccharide is a repeating unit of a-D-galactopyranosyl- (a-1- 3)-allopyranoside. Each of the disaccharide unit is linked via B-1-->4 glycosidic bond. Identify and draw the molecular structure. Identify and draw the structure. The oligosaccharide has 10 monosaccharide residue a. Upon the action of alpha-glycosidase, identify and draw all the possible products. b. What is the L-isomer of the Fisher projection of one epimer of D-allopyronoside. Draw the structure. Why is this an epimer of the monosaccharide? c. Is this saccharide a good substrate for glycolysis? Why or why not?
- 1.Describe in detail how to determine the primary structure of protein. 2.You have been given a mixture of lysine, histidine and cysteine.The isoelectric point of the amino acids are as follows; histidine 7.64 lysine:9.74 cysteine:5.02 Show how you will separate the mixture into the pure forms. State and describe any instrument that you will use to separate the components in the mixture.12. The sugars glucose, fructose, and inositol all have the same formula i.e. C6H12O6 yet they have 3 very similar but different structures. This is an example of: a) geometric isomers b) structural isomers c) stereo isomers d) none are correct7. Hydrogen bonds are a crucial component of biomolecular structure and biomolecular interactions. In the following drawings, draw in several hydrogen bonds that are possible between atoms within the same molecule or between different molecules: A: Protein structure H₂C₁ #1 N-H N-C 0=C HR 1 N-H ORU 0=C N-HH-CR B: DNA base-pairing H H-N N-H N=C C-C H 0=C NIH C C=N HR 0=3₁ HR H-9-4 0-0 NIH N-H 0=C 0=0 RECH N-H N-H 0=8-₁ OH HR C: Plant cell wall (cellulose) CH₂OH H BỆNH O=C HA CH OH H CH₂OH ( он H HC-0 CH₂₂OH H OH 1 TH OH H IN HC- OH H CH₂OH CH₂₂OH O OH H C-CH H bH CH₂₂OH VA HS COK H ОН Biomolecules like DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates depend on hydrogen bonds to maintain their overall structure. However, each individual hydrogen bond is relatively weak. Using protein structure from the question above as an example, explain how to resolve the apparent contradiction between these two statements.
- 1. (a) Arrange the following lipid molecules in the order of their relative melting points. Н.С — о-С-R Н.С — о-С-R H,C -0-ć- | НС —0—С-R НС —о-с-R' НС —о-с-R" H2C -0-Ċ-R H2C -0-C-R H2C -0-ċ-R" VI VII VIII (-olx). 0-ċ-R 180 —о-с-R 18-1 cisÃ9 -ċ-R") = 18:1transA9 (b) Give your reasons for your answer. (c) On heating lipid VI with aqueous NAOH, all the ester linkages were hydrolyzed. Draw the structure of each product of the hydrolysis. (e) Giving a reason for your answer, predict what would happen to the solubility of these products in water if, after the hydrolysis, excess acid was added to the medium to acidify it.8) Define the following terms: a. Hydrophobic b. Hydrophillic 9) Describe the composition of a phospholipid and its relationship with water. Be specific about how the different parts of a phospholipid interact with water.1. (a) The diagram below shows a structure of monosaccharide. CH,OH C=0 H-C-OH НО—С—Н ČH,OH i. Draw the figure above on your answer sheet and indicate ALL chiral carbon(s) in your figure with *. ii. With reference to the number of carbon, the type of carbonyl group and D/L configuration, suggest a name consisting these three properties to describe the monosaccharide shown above. Explain why this monosaccharide is in D- or L- configuration as you suggested in (ii). 111. (b) The diagram below shows different configurations of glucose. CH,OH CHO ÇH,OH H H-C-OH O. OH H. H. OH H. H OH HO-C-H но H-C-OH но H. H-C-OH OH OH ČH,OH A В C i. Which glucose molecule, A or C, is in a configuration? Explain. ii. What is the name of the conversion among different configurations? iii. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) consist of modified sugars. Give a name of the typical modification to the sugar. What makes GAG ideal for the fluid in the joints? to