2. Antibiotics a. Candida albicans is a eukaryotic yeast that can cause thrush and vaginal yeast infections. Why can't you treat an infection with this microbe with erythromycin or streptomycin? Please be specific - Because b. You are working to develop drugs that can target bacterial infections or fungal infections. Please describe 2 differences in the cell wall structure that could aid in cell-specific drug development. "

2. Antibiotics a. Candida albicans is a eukaryotic yeast that can cause thrush and vaginal yeast infections. Why can't you treat an infection with this microbe with erythromycin or streptomycin? Please be specific - Because b. You are working to develop drugs that can target bacterial infections or fungal infections. Please describe 2 differences in the cell wall structure that could aid in cell-specific drug development. "

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter25: Bacteria And Archaea

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16TYU

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16. Why 70% alcohol is used as a disinfectant? Circle all possible explanation. O A. Alcohol denatures proteins in the plasma membrane or viral body thus destroying it rendering them ineffective and causing cell death or inhibiting reproduction. V B. Water is used as a catalyst for the denaturation of proteins that leads to cell membrane destruction. O c. Alcohol can be taken in orally, destroys cells that entered the body. V D. Diluted alcohol evaporates slower compared to a pure alcohol since its highly volatile, providing more time for chemical reactions to take place. O E. 100% alcohol coagulates proteins instantly creating a film that protects the other proteins from further coagulation preventing other alcohol molecules to react and destroy the cell membrane. O F. Alcohol has a dehydrating effect and may interfere with the functioning of cell membranes.
a. If viruses that normally form envelopes were prevented frombudding, would they still be infectious? Why or why not?b. If only the RNA of an influenza virus were injected into a cell byitself, could it cause a lytic infection?
a. If you were involved in developing an antiviral drug, what wouldbe some important considerations? (Can a drug “kill” a virus?)b. How could multiplication be blocked?
i. What is Viroid how these viruses infect plant cells? How it differ from animal virus? iv. If you are asked to culture virus how it proceeds and which type of conditions will be needed to grow virus cells? v. Which type of sterilizing agents can be used in preservation of animals cells/tissues? How can we kill all types of microbes and which types of techniques can be used?
1. Precise words:Find the nonspecific terms in the following sentences. Replace the nonspecific choices with more preciseterms or phrases (It is not necessary to change the sentence structure).(i) All OVE mutants showed enhanced iP concentrations.(ii) Plants were kept in the cold overnight.(iii) To provide proof of concept for our hypothesis, we studied a virus in its host cell.(iv) The present paper reports on continuing experiments that were performed to clarify thissurprising effect.(v) The first transition state is a little lower in energy than the second transition state. 2. Simple words:Improve the word choice in the following examples by replacing the underlined terms or phrases withsimpler word choices (do not change the sentence structure).(i) These data substantiate our hypothesis.(ii) The difference in our results compared to those of Reuter et al. (1995) can be accounted forby the fact that different conditions were used.(iii) For the purpose of discussing cell migration we…
viruses:1. Why must primary cell cultures be restarted every so often when preparing primary cell cultures to observe morphological changes caused by cells infected by a virus? Why are tumor cells preferred? 2. Why are non-enveloped viruses generally more resistant to disinfectants than are enveloped viruses? 3. A public health physician isolated large number of phages from rivers used as a source of drinking water in western Africa. They physician is very concerned that humans might become ill from drinking this water, although she knows that the phages specifically attack bacteria. Why is she concerned?
Can you please help me..... 1. Protective capsule is? 2. Outer covering surrounding capsid of some viruses is? 3. Two forms of growth? 4. Gelatinous covering of microbe? 5. Long filament of cells? 6. genetically different cells within species? Thank you
A B 12. The cells (above, A) were growing in the presence of "Drug X". After several hours the larger cell appears to deflate (B). What is the most likely target for Drug X? A. capsules B. peptidoglycan C. ribosomes D. cell membrane E. biofilms
20. Viroids and prions: a. Compare viroids and prions in terms of structure and host.b. Describe how prions accumulate in nervous tissue and the appearance of the brain that has been infected with prions.
O t of Match the type of pathogen with the correct description. Prions Virus Protozoans Bacteria and parasitic worms Choose... Choose... Can be treated with drugs that prevent it from synthesizing proteins Misfolded version of a harmless protein that will cause host cells to produce misshapen proteins May cause damage by releasing a toxin into the bloodstream Can only replicate when it is inside of a host cell Choose... Fi
a. During which stages of an infectious disease does the host exhibit signs and symptoms? Is there a correlation between this and when a disease is communicable? b. Why are some viral diseases, like smallpox and polio, no longer seen in the United States? Why are many bacterial disease, like syphilis, no longer a death sentence? Think about how these two types of microbes infect humans. Why might we make an effort to treat viral diseases before infection but continue to treat bacterial diseases after infection? c. Based on the graph below, which pathogen is more virulent: Agent 1 or Agent 2? Explain. 100 Agent 1 LD5 = 400, Agent 2 LD50 = 600 25 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 Dose (organisms administered per animal) Percent mortality 75
a. Škin rashes Increased white blood cell count Preventing Disease weakened or killed pathogens used to an 1. response (usually a shot) 2. blocking the growth and reproduction of bacteria (usually pills) Controlling Bacteria 1. -subjecting bacteria to high temperatures chemical solutions that kill bacteria 2. 3. refrigerating, boiling, frying, and steaming food Examples of Bacterial Diseases 1. Disease - carried by ticks, red dot 2. -contraction of skeletal muscles 3. Throat - cough and spots in back of mouth 4. Viruses What is a Virus? Viral Structure disease causing particle Capsid (protein sheath) RNA Envalope protein 1. 2. No -DINA Envelope structures (nucleus, cytoplasm, ,or cell membrane) Proteins Capsid 3. Requires a 4. No cellular 5. Can be called a cell Enzyme Bacteriophage Tobasoo mosalo viruA (TMV) Human Immunadsficiency virus 0V)