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- Identify the first chemical step in the production of Portland cement. How is this reaction related to the chemistry that takes place in the carbonation of concrete?How does general acid catalysis lower activation energy? How does general base catalysis increase reaction rate?A) Why the reactions between ions in aqueous solution are usually more fast what reactions of covalent molecules?
- write mechanism step by step for the reaction ?Kinetics is the study of reaction rates (i.e. how fast or slow a reaction proceeds). Describe 3 ways that the rate of a reaction could be increased.When the concentration of reactant molecules is increased, the rate of reaction increases. The best explanation is: As the reactant concentration increases, the rate constant increases. the activation energy increases. the frequency of molecular collisions increases. the order of reaction increases. the average kinetic energy of molecules increases.
- Why does the rate of the reaction slow down with time? The rate constant slows with time because the reaction is exothermic and loses energy The reactants that react first are moving faster than the reactants that react last, which results in a slower reaction as time progresses The reaction rate depends upon the concentrations of the reactants. As the reaction progresses, the reactants are converted into products and their concentrations decrease The reaction does not slow down with time. The rate constant gets smaller with time so that it appears that the reaction is slowing The longer the reaction takes, the older the reactants become. Old reactants react more slowly than new ones so the reaction slows downIn the gas phase, phosphorus pentachloride exists as sepa-rate molecules. In the solid phase, however, the compound iscomposed of alternating PCl₄⁺ and PCl₆⁻ ions. What change(s)in molecular shape occur(s) as PCl₅ solidifies? How does the Cl-P-Cl angle change?True or False 1. It is imperative that collision occurs between two reactant particles to proceed with the reaction.2. A lower energy of activation means that fewer molecules will have sufficient energy to undergo an effective collision.3. If a reaction has a low rate, it means that the molecules combine at a slower speed than a reaction with high rate.4. When pressure is increased, the rate of reaction between gas particles will decrease.5. Chemical catalysts experience change when they speed up rates of reactions.6. An increase in temperature generally decreases the activation energy.
- The reaction between K and Br2 to form KBr and Br has a steric factor of 4.8. This means that the reaction happens at a significantly faster rate than is predicted by collision theory. Why?Describe the effect on the rate of a reaction if one of the reactants is ground toa powder rather than used as a single chunk.5. The collision theory of reaction rates states that the rate of a reaction depends on the number of collisions between mol- ecules, the average energy of the collisions, and the effectiveness of the collisions. (a) How does temperature affect each of these factors in collision theory? (b) Does the effect of temperature on the reaction rate support the collision theory of reaction rates? Explain.