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- 1. What are the forces that maintain structural integrity of biological membranes and explain how each force mentioned is formed in membrane lipids.1. Explain why phosphoglycerides are found in lipid bilayer 2. Enumerate and describe the mechanisms of transport across a membrane10. What is osmosis? Is it correct to call it the diffusion of water across a membrane permeable only to the solvent, (water), and impermeable to the solutes? Define and understand the terms: isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic. What are the these conditions on cells with or without cell walls? consequences of
- 2. What is the difference between storage lipids and membrane lipids? Describe why membranes can only be formed by one type of lipids. 3. What are signaling lipids and antioxidants that play significant role in cell maintenance?1. Ms. Sassa, a biology professor, wanted to demonstrate to her students the applicability of a dialyzing membrane (DM) as a model for the cell membrane by enclosing an aqueous solution in a DM bag and immersing in a beaker containing a different solution. Substances available which are permeable to the DM include 0.02 M NaCl, 0.03 M glucose, and 0.01 M glucose. The only substance available which is completely impermeable to the DM is the 0.01 M lactose. Using the substances given and materials such as a beaker, stirring rod, and string, draw ONLY ONE set- up that can be demonstrated by Ms. Sassa that will satisfy ALL of the following conditions: a. No solute will exhibit a net diffusion out of the cell. b. Glucose will exhibit a net diffusion into the cell. c. NaCl will exhibit a zero net movement. d. No net movement of lactose from the inside to outside of the cell. Make sure to label properly the substance inside the beaker and inside the DM bag (1.)8. Define homeostasis. maintoining nterral balance 9. What role does the cell membrane play in maintaining homeostasis? 10. How is facilitated diffusion different from diffusion? How are they similar? 11. List two ways that active transport is different than passive transport. 1) 2) 12. Why is the sodium-potassium pump considered an active transport? Which direction are the sodium and potassium bing pumped? How many sodiums are being pumped? How many potassiums are being pumped?
- 9. Match each of the following statements related to membrane transport processes to the appropriate term: passive transport, facilitated transport, active transport. More than one term may apply in a given situation. _a. Movement across the membrane is against the concentration gradient. _b. Proteins serve as "gates." _c. Expenditure of cellular energy is required. _d. Movement across the membrane is from a high to a low concentration.1. Explain in detail how amino acids can be transported across the plasma membrane 2. By using the concept of endomembrane system, explain how plasma membrane involves in the protein synthesis of a cell. 3. With suitable examples, compare the structural and functional differences between a fibrous and globular protein. 4. A person suffers from a skin condition and loss of muscle. A doctor suspects the patient has protein deficiency. Justify why the doctor thinks so.1. Will the water penetrate all through the sandwich? Explain. 2. Explain which layer(s) of the sandwich are hydrophobic and which layer/s arehydrophilic. How is this similar to the structure of a cell membrane?
- A2 Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the phospholipid molecules in the plasma membrane? * O The polar heads face outward The nonpolar tails face inward. O The polar heads are hydrophobic. O The nonpolar tails are hydrophobic. The phospholipids form a bilayer. This is a required question16. According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids? A. They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane. 8. They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other. C. They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the membrane. 17 D. They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution. E. They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane.15. Describe the differences between channel-mediated and carrier-mediated transport.