4 Chitin and Amylopectin
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- 2a. Describe the structural differences between cellulose and glycogen. 2b. State one structural feature of glycogen accounting for its energy storage role.P3D.2 In biological cells, the energy released by the oxidation of foods is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP or ATP“).The essence of ATP's action is its ability to lose its terminal phosphate group by hydrolysis and to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP or ADP): ATP* (aq) + H,O() → ADP* (aq) + HPO (aq) + H,O*(aq) At pH = 7.0 and 37°C (310K, blood temperature) the enthalpy and Gibbs energy of hydrolysis are A,H =-20kJ mol and A,G=-31 kJ mol", respectively. Under these conditions, the hydrolysis of 1 mol ATP“(aq) results in the extraction of up to 31kJ of energy that can be used to do non- expansion work, such as the synthesis of proteins from amino acids, muscular contraction, and the activation of neuronal circuits in our brains. (a) Calculate and account for the sign of the entropy of hydrolysis of ATP at pH = 7.0 and 310K. (b) Suppose that the radius of a typical biological cell is 10µm and that inside it 1x 10ʻ ATP molecules are hydrolysed each second. What is the power density of…ACTIVITY 6.2.7 Describe the common structural features and differences for each pair 1. Cellulose and glycogen
- 15. During vigorous physical activity, a lot of pyruvate is generated inside muscle cells. Show, through a diagram and/or biochemical reactions, two different ways by which this pyruvate is reconverted into glucose. 16. What is the relationship between the amino acid glutamic acid and insomnia (= lack of sleep)?ACTIVITY 6.2.3 Identify which among the following are a-D and B-D monosaccharides 1. a-D - Glucose CH,OH CH,OH OH OH HO 2. 6. CH,OH CH,OH Но 0. HỌ 3. 3. 7. . CH;OH CH,OH OH OH OH Но НО 8. 4. HOCH, CH,OH НОСH, CH,OH OH OH OH ОН ОН OH HO OH right 2019. All Rights Reserved. 5.23 Which statement describes a disease state caused by altered protein structure? A silent mutation in hyaluronidase disnupts mucosal function OA slent mutation in arachidonic acid disrupts eicosanoid production O A missense mutation in heokinase disrupts glycolysis OA ronsense mation in ATP disrupts energy metabolsm
- Nearly all organisms on Earth carry out some form of glycolysis. How does this fact support or not support the assertion that glycolysis is one of the oldest metabolic pathways?A major connection for sugars in glycolysis is ____ ___________ . glucose-6-phosphate fructose-l,6-bisphosphate dihydroxyacetone phosphate phosphoenolpyruvateThe energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP is primarily stored between the alpha and beta phosphates equal to -57 kcal/mol harnessed as heat energy by the cell to perform work providing energy to coupled reactions
- Calculations based on the volume of a glucose residue and the branchingpattern of cellular glycogen indicate that a glycogen molecule could have up to 28 branching tiers before becoming impossibly dense. What are the advantages of such a molecule and why is it not found in vivo?Question 6 Give a diagrammatic representation of fatty acid synthase complex and discuss the regulation of fatty acid synthesis.Glycerophospholipids Phosphatidylethanolamine 3. In case the cell is in a state requiring large amount of ATP to support energy-requiring reactions/pathways, assuming that you have 1 mole of each of the said lipids are catabolized and complete oxidized, will the total net ATP yield from these two lipids be higher or lower than the sum of the net ATPs generated from each fatty acid components? Justify your answer in biochemical terms and using 5 sentences or less.