5. Trehalose, a disaccharide produced in fungi, has the following structure: CH₂OH H OH H H H H OH H HOCH OH H HO O OH H OH H (a). What is the systematic name for this disaccharide? (b). Is trehalose a reducing sugar? Explain.
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- 21. The structure of D-arabinose is shown below. How many stereoisomers are possible for this molecule (including the one shown)? H. 010 HO-C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH Please I need the solution in 10 minutes CH2OH D-Arabinose A) Eight B) Four C) Six D) One2) Consider the following disaccharide which was formed from the breakdown of a polysaccharide found in plant material. ОН Glycosidic linkage: H H OH H H НО H H. OH H. ОН OH H НО H ОН a. Label the glycosidic linkage above in the following format: a/B(# → #) b. Would you expect this disaccharide to have been formed from amylose or amylopectin? c. Describe at least two chemical tests that would give insight into the structure of this disaccharide, assuming you've isolated it and wanted to elucidate the structure from scratch. Include detail on not only the tests you would use but what results you would expect to get given the structure above. Assume you can analyze the structure of any monosaccharide you get from your chemical tests.13. The structures of sphingosine and choline are given below. Draw the condensed structure and block diagram of the sphingolipid formed from these molecules and a molecule of myristic acid. CH3-(CH2)12-CH=CH-CH-OH CH₂ CH3-N-CH2-CH2-OH CH-NH2 sphingosine CH2-OH CH3 choline BLOCK DIAGRAM (draw below) CONDENSED STRUCTURE 14. Which fatty acid below should have the highest melting point? Why? Explain your answer based on structure and forces of attraction. OH O OH TOH OH
- 2. Draw the structure and give the systematic name of the given disaccharides. (a) Lactose which is also known as milk sugar: β-D-Gal(1--> 4)β-D-Glc, where Gal is galactose and Glc is glucose. (b) Sucrose which is also known as table sugar: β -D-Glc (1-->2) β-D-Fru where Glc is glucose and Fru is fructose.13. One or more of the compounds shown below will satisfy each of the following statements. Not all compounds may be used; some may be used twice. Put the letter(s) in the blank. (a) Found in chitin. (b) An L-saccharide. (c) The first residue attached to asparagine in N-linked glycans. (d) A uronic acid. (e) A ketose. CH,OH COO CO- H OH H OH ОН Н но OH OH H H но OH Но - CH3 óso, NHC- OH (a) (b) (c) CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH c=0 CHOH C=0 H-C-OH CH,OH но-с—н ČH,OH CH,OH (d) (e) (f) 우6. Draw condensed structural formulas for all products obtained from the complete hydrolysis of the following triacylglycerol. CH2-0- -(CH2)14-CH3 CH-O-C-(CH2)12-CH3 ČH2-0-C-(CH2),-CH=CH-(CH2),-CH3
- 7. Consider the structures shown. For each structure select all that apply. a) pentose, hexose or heptose b) D or L c) ketose or aldose d) a or ẞ e) pyranose or furanose COOM CHACH Structure A Structure C1. Identify the encircled functional group (hydroxyl, carbonyl, amino, carboxyl). HO HO a) c) =6 H3C НО g H3C eo HU H3C HQ S penicillin Qo O pyruvate CH CH OH Cholesterol Epinephrine CH3 NH O N CH3 CH3 b) f d) CH3 CH₂ CH₂ CH3 CH CH₂ CH CH3 OH NH₂ H H-C-OH HO-C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH CH₂OH2. The diagram below shows the structure of a sugar. ÇH2OH C=0 Но H но H- ČH2OH Is the sugar an aldose or ketose? b. Is the sugar at D or L configuration? Explain why. How many chiral carbons are present in the sugar? d. If the sugar forms a cyclic structure, will it be a furanose or pyranose? Which carbon in the structure above will become the anomeric carbon in the cyclic structure? а. с.
- 27. Which correctly describes the furanose form of a monosaccharide? b) c) d) e) six-sided ring structure with five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom boat conformation of a monosaccharide, not the chair conformation linear structure of a monosaccharide, not the cyclic structure five-sided cyclic structure with four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom chemical derivatives of monosaccharides, such as amino sugars with an amino group attached In aqueous solution, monosaccharides such as glucose can exist as cyclic or linear structures. The percentage of monosaccharides that are in the cyclic form is: móre than 99 % b) 50 % 10 % d) 5% much less than 1% The monosaccharide structure shown here is: HOH,C он a) CH,OH но a-fructose b) c) d) e) B-ribose B-fructose a-galactose B-glucose HO Which of the molecules below is cellobiose, a breakdown product of cellulose? a) glucose-a-1,4-glucose glucose-a-1,2-fructose glucose-ß-1,4-glucose galactose-B-1,4-glucose glucose-a-1,6-glucose1. Make a series (at least 3) of drawings to show the three dehydration synthesis reactions that take place between the two Fatty Acids, the Phosphate Head and the Glycerol. Show the water molecules made. a) Label the following on the completed phospholipid: hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the molecule, fatty acids, phosphate group, and glycerol. b) Compare the structure of the phospholipid to that of a triglyceride. How are the two molecules Similar? How are they different? 2. Use the following vocabulary to label and draw a cell membrane: cytoplasm (cell lumen) extra-cellular fluid hydrophobic hydrophilic polar head non-polar tails a) How many O-H groups are there? And are the O-H areas of sucrose polar or non-polar? b) What is the term that is used to discuss how tightly or loosely an atom's nucleus has a hold of its valence electrons?3) After watching the video convert the monosaccharides from a Fischer to a Haworth Projection. a) Convert D-mannose to its a-pyranose. CHO HOH HO H H OH -OH CH₂OH PH 3 D-mannose b) Convert L-galactose to its B-pyranose. H 1 CHO HOH OH H-OH HO-H 6CH₂OH L-galactose