A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 30%. Its efficiency is to be increased to 50%. By what must the temperature of the source be increased if the sink is at 300 K
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Answer the following with complete solutions. write legibly.
A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 30%. Its efficiency is to be increased to 50%. By what must the temperature of the source be increased if the sink is at 300 K?
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- A great deal of effort, time, and money has been spent in the quest for a so-called perpetual-motion machine, which is defined as a hypothetical machine that operates or produces useful work indefinitely and/or a hypothetical machine that produces mole work or energy than it consumes. Explain, in terms of the first law of thermodynamics, why or why not such a machine is likely to be constructed.An ideal gas expands isothermally along AB and does 700 J of work (see below). (a) How much heat does the gas exchange along AB? (b) The gas then expands adiabatically along BC and does 400 J of work. When the gas returns to A along CA, it exhausts 100 J of heat to its surroundings. How much work is done on the gas along this path?The Carnot cycle is represented by the temperature-entropy diagram shown below. (a) How much heat is absorbed per cycle at the high-temperature reservoir? (b) How much heat is exhausted per cycle at the low-temperature reservoir? (c) How much work is done per cycle by the engine? (d) What is the efficiency of the engine?
- A monoatomic ideal gas (n moles) goes through a cyclic process shown below. Find the change in entropy of the gas in each step and the total entropy change over the entire cycle.It is unlikely that a process can be isothermal unless it is a very slow process. Explain why. Is the same true for isobaric and isochoric processes? Explain your answer.A cylinder contains 500 g of helium at 120 atm and 20 . The valve is leaky, and all the gas slowly escapes isothermally into the atmosphere. Use the results of the preceding problem to determine the resulting change in entropy of the universe.
- Two hundred grams of water at 0 is brought into contact into thermal equilibrium successively with reservoirs at 20 , 40 , 60 , and 80 . (a) What is the entropy change of the water? (b) Of the reservoir? (c) What is the entropy change of the universe?The heat of melting of ice at 1 atmosphere pressure and 0°C is 1.4363 kcal/mol. The volume of ice is 0.0196 liter and the volume of water is 0.018 liter. If 1 mole of ice is melted under these conditions, what will be a. The work done in cal? b. The change in internal energy in cal? c. The change in entropy in cal? Note Note that 1 literxatmosphere is equal to 101.325 joule. Sol": given Heat of melting ice at 1 atm pressure = 1.4363 kca kcal/ 2 = 1.4363 kcal/mole mole volume of ice = 0·0196 lts " water = 0.018 lts @ work done is define as w=pdv » w = P(V₁ hot W = 1 (0·018-00196) W = 0·0016 Cal Pay Kat AnsQuestion B2i. Give an equation for the infinitesimal change in entropy, ??, of a system in terms of the heat transfer ??? and the temperature ? at which the heat transfer occurs. Explain the sign convention. ii. A litre of water at 20 °C is placed in a fridge at 5 °C. Calculate the change in entropy of the water, including the sign, once all the water has come into thermal equilibrium. iii. Calculate the change in entropy of the fridge from part ii, including the sign. iv. Demonstrate that the Second Law has been obeyed in the process described in ii and iii.
- An engine from a quarry vehicle used in the Build a Beach program of DEMR has apower requirement of 560 kW. Per hour of its operation, it ejects 234 MJ into itssurroundings at 50 °C. If it behaves like a Carnot engine, answer the questions below.a. How much work (MJ) is done by the engine per hour?b. What is the efficiency (%) of the engine?c. What is the temperature (°C) of the hot reservoir?The heat of melting of ice at 1 atmosphere pressure and 0°C is 1.4363 kcal/mol. The volume of ice is 0.0196 liter and the volume of water is 0.018 liter. If I mole of ice is melted under these conditions, what will be a. The work done in cal? b. The change in internal energy in cal? c. The change in entropy in cal? Note that 1 literxatmosphere is equal to 101.325 joule.Can you help with subpart d 5. A Carnot engine works between two heat reservoirs at temperatures Thot= 301.0 K and Tcold= 220.0 K. a. What is its efficiency? b. If it absorbs 200.0 J from the hot reservoir during each cycle, how much work does it do per cycle? c. How much heat does it reject during each cycle? d. What is the coefficient of performace, COP, of this engine when it works as a refrigerator between the same two reservoirs?