A complementation test can be used to determinethe mode of inheritance of a mutant allelewhether a mutant allele has lost or gained function relative to a wild type allelewhether two individuals with recessive, single-gene mutations causing the same or similar phenotypeshave mutations in the same or different geneswhether a mutation is fully penetrantthe number of phenotypes that can be expressed by individuals with a particular genotype A male fish from a true-breeding fish line has the mutant phenotype of spiky fin. The male fish mates with a femalefish from another true-breeding spiky-fin fish line. Both spiky-fin phenotypes are inherited in an autosomal recessivemanner. You hypothesize that the mutation in the male fish is at a different locus than the mutation in the female fish.Which results would support this hypothesis?25% of the offspring have spiky fins.50% of the offspring have spiky fins.None of the offspring have spiky fins.O All of the offspring have spiky fins.75% of the offspring have spiky fins.IncorrectCrossing two mutant animals together will not yield a 50% ratio of any genotype. If the mutation in the male andfemale are in different genes, their offspring will be heterozygous for two different spiky mutations. Mutations complementwhen they are in different genes.XX

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Description: A complementation test can be used to determinethe mode of inheritance of a mutant allelewhether a mutant allele has lost or gained function relative to a wild type allelewhether two individuals with recessive, single-gene mutations causing the same

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A complementation test can be used to determine the mode of inheritance of a mutant allele O whether a mutant allele has lost or gained function relative to a wild type allele whether two individuals with recessive, single-gene mutations causing the same or similar phenotypes have mutations in the same or different genes whether a mutation is fully penetrant the number of phenotypes that can be expressed by individuals with a particular genotype

A complementation test can be used to determine the mode of inheritance of a mutant allele O whether a mutant allele has lost or gained function relative to a wild type allele whether two individuals with recessive, single-gene mutations causing the same or similar phenotypes have mutations in the same or different genes whether a mutation is fully penetrant the number of phenotypes that can be expressed by individuals with a particular genotype

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter11: Genome Alterations: Mutation And Epigenetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16QP: Familial retinoblastoma, a rare autosomal dominant defect, arose in a large family that had no prior...

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In individuals affected by cystic fibrosis, salt crystals may appear afterperspiration dries up. In addition, the disease causes respiratory disorderswhich can be both debilitating and lethal. It occurs in individuals homozygousfor the recessive gene. Two normal parents had a daughter with thesymptoms of this disease, and a normal son who marries a normal womanwith an afflicted A test (salt concentration in perspiration of heterozygotes ishigher than normal) disclosed that both are indeed carriers of the gene. If thefirst child born to the mating in (b) was defective, what is the probability thatthe 2nd child would also be defective?Express answer in fraction form
Variations in Phenotype Expression Define penetrance and expressivity.
Familial retinoblastoma, a rare autosomal dominant defect, arose in a large family that had no prior history of the disease. Consider the following pedigree (the darkly colored symbols represent affected individuals): a. Circle the individual(s) in which the mutation most likely occurred. b. Is the person who is the source of the mutation affected by retinoblastoma? Justify your answer. c. Assuming that the mutant allele is fully penetrant, what is the chance that an affected individual will have an affected child?
Many genetic disorders exhibit locus heterogeneity. Define andgive two examples of locus heterogeneity. How does locus heterogeneityconfound a pedigree analysis?
The mutant FMR-1 allele that causes fragile X syndrome is considered to be X-linked dominant withincomplete penetrance and variable expressivity.Why do most females heterozygous for one mutantand one normal allele have at least some symptomsof the disease?
The XG locus on the human X chromosome has twoalleles, XG+ and XG. The XG+ allele causes the presence of the Xg surface antigen on red blood cells,while the recessive XG allele does not allow antigento appear. The XG locus is 10 m.u. from the STSlocus. The STS+ allele produces normal activity ofthe enzyme steroid sulfatase, while the recessive STSallele results in the lack of steroid sulfatase activityand the disease ichthyosis (scaly skin). A man withichthyosis and no Xg antigen has a normal daughterwith Xg antigen. This daughter is expecting a child.a. If the child is a son, what is the probability he willlack Xg antigen and have ichthyosis?b. What is the probability that a son would have boththe antigen and ichthyosis?c. If the child is a son with ichthyosis, what is theprobability he will have Xg antigen?
A DNA variant has been found linked to a rare autosomal dominant disease in humans and can thus beused as a marker to follow inheritance of the diseaseallele. In an informative family (in which one parentis heterozygous for both the disease allele and the DNA marker in a known chromosomal arrangementof alleles, and his or her mate does not have the samealleles of the DNA variant), the reliability of such amarker as a predictor of the disease in a fetus is related to the map distance between the DNA markerand the gene causing the disease.Imagine that a man affected with the disease(genotype Dd) is heterozygous for the V1and V2forms of the DNA variant, with form V1on the samechromosome as the D allele and form V2on the samechromosome as d. His wife is V3V3dd, where V3isanother allele of the DNA marker. Typing of the fetusby amniocentesis reveals that the fetus has the V2andV3variants of the DNA marker. How likely is it thatthe fetus has inherited the disease allele D if thedistance…
Ehler-Danlos syndrome is a rare disorder caused by a mutation ina gene that encodes a protein called collagen (type 3 A1). Collagenis found in the extracellular matrix that plays an important role inthe formation of skin, joints, and other connective tissues. Peoplewith Ehler-Danlos syndrome have extraordinarily flexible skin and very loose joints. The pedigree below contains several individualsaffected with this syndrome, shown with black symbols. Based onthis pedigree, does the syndrome appear to follow autosomalrecessive, autosomal dominant, X-linked recessive, or X-linkeddominant inheritance? Explain your reasoning.
BRCA1 is mutated in a large percentage of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. BRCA1 protein serves as a key enzyme in repairing DNA double-strand breaks. More than 800 mutations in the BRCA1 are clinically significant. This collection of mutations include missense mutations, small deletions, and large rearrangements that result in a protein with reduced function or no protein product. Inheritance of one mutant allele of BRCA1 is associated with 70-80% lifetime risk of developing breast cancer in females. How is this possible? Select all that apply. The loss of the mutant chromosome during mitosis A point mutation in the allele of BRCA1 inherited from the normal parent Repair of the heteroduplex region containing a mismatch between the normal DNA strand and the mutant DNA strand Nondisjunction of the normal chromosome during mitosis A deletion of the gene copy inherited from the affected parent Mitotic recombination in the region between the BRCA1 gene and the…
Ehler-Danlos syndrome is a rare disorder caused by a mutation ina gene that encodes a protein called collagen (type 3 A1). Collagenis found in the extracellular matrix that plays an important role inthe formation of skin, joints, and other connective tissues. Peoplewith Ehler-Danlos syndrome have extraordinarily flexible skin andvery loose joints. The following pedigree contains several individualsaffected with this syndrome, shown with black symbols. Basedon this pedigree, does the syndrome follow autosomal recessive,autosomal dominant, X-linked recessive, or X-linked dominantinheritance? Explain your reasoning.
In retinoblastoma, a mutation in one allele of the RB1 tumorsuppressorgene can be inherited from the germ line, causingan autosomal dominant predisposition to the developmentof eye tumors. To develop tumors, a somatic mutation in thesecond copy of the RB1 gene is necessary, indicating that themutation itself acts as a recessive trait. Given that the firstmutation can be inherited, in what ways can a second mutationalevent occur?
When does the erasure and reestablishment phase of genomicimprinting occur? Explain why it is necessary to erase an imprintand then reestablish it in order to always maintain imprinting fromthe same sex of parent.