A major South African city generates electricity and sells it to its consumers. The city faces competition from independentrenewable power producers who also have licences to sell electricity to the public. The city however has cost advantagesdue to its size, but it is concerned of the political and economic ramifications of raising its tariffs, in these uncertaineconomic times. As a result, it is highly likely that tariffs will remain unchanged over the next financial year. The city’smarginal revenue is given as R3 000, and its costs are given as follows:TC = R82 000 + R1 000 + 0.01q2 MCMC= R1 000 + R0.02q4.1 Assess the efficiency arguments in favour of and against the renewable energy generation in SouthAfrica

The Energy Information Administration's forecast that world crude oil demand will likely outpace supply by 20 million barrels this year has also increased market uncertainty and driven up prices. Companies in the US steel and alumina industries have been urging the loosening of import restrictions because they fear running short of petrol. Despite the potential market effects, analysts believe that most steel and alumina companies won't be significantly impacted because crude oil only accounts for a small fraction of their overall costs. In general, rising crude oil prices are the result of a mix of supply and demand issues, market uncertainty, and other reasons. The price of this significant commodity will undoubtedly continue to be significantly influenced by global supply and demand dynamics, even though the precise trajectory of prices in the future is difficult to forecast.  1) Draw a graph to show this information.

Steel is produced only in the US and the rest of the world (ROW). The inverse demand and supply in the US are p = 110 - Q8 and p = 20 + Qỗ, while in the ROW, they are p = 70 - Q and p = Qk. All quantities are in millions of tons and all prices are in dollars per ton. Since steel is produced more cheaply in the ROW, the US imports it from the ROW under international trade. At any price, p, the imports of the US, QM. is the excess demand for steel given by the difference between the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied domestically in the US: QM = Q% - Qi. Similarly, the exports of the ROw, QF, is the excess supply of steel given by the difference between how much they produce and how much they demand: QE = Qk - Qg. (b) Find the consumer and producer surplus in the US at the price p". consumer surplus $ million producer surplus million (c) The US government imposes a tax of $12 per unit on the ROw's exports. Find the new world equilibrium price, p**, and new world equilibrium…

Country C imports 80,000 metric tons of steel from Country U and produces domestically 80,000 metric tons per year. The world price of steel is $500 per metric ton. Assuming linear schedules, research analysts estimated the price elasticity of domestic supply to be 0.50 and the price elasticity of domestic demand to be -0.25 in the current market equilibrium. Country C imposes an import duty of $150 per metric ton that caused the world price to fall by 10%. Summarise and analyse the quantity of steel produced, consumed and imported in Country C. Analyse and discuss the welfare gain from trade in Country C. Show your answers of the steel market with a proper diagram. Imports steel from Country U = 80,000 metric tons of steel Produce domestically = 80,000 metric tons per year Country C total steel consumption = 160,000 metric tons per year Price of steel per metric ton = $500

Country C imports 80,000 metric tons of steel from Country U and produces domestically 80,000 metric tons per year. The world price of steel is $500 per metric ton. Assuming linear schedules, research analysts estimated the price elasticity of domestic supply to be 0.50 and the price elasticity of domestic demand to be -0.25 in the current market equilibrium. Country C imposes an import duty of $150 per metric ton that caused the world price to fall by 10%. Analyse the effects of the consumer surplus, producer surplus, government revenue, and deadweight loss in the Country C steel market with the tariff. What are the terms of trade of the Country C steel market after the tariff was imposed? Explain the welfare effects of both countries.

Country C imports 80,000 metric tons of steel from Country U and produces domestically 80,000 metric tons per year. The world price of steel is $500 per metric ton. Assuming linear schedules, research analysts estimated the price elasticity of domestic supply to be 0.50 and the price elasticity of domestic demand to be -0.25 in the current market equilibrium. Country C imposes an import duty of $150 per metric ton that caused the world price to fall by 10%. (a) Summarise and analyse the quantity of steel produced, consumed and imported in Country C. Analyse and discuss the welfare gain from trade in Country C. Show your answers of the steel market with a proper diagram. (b) Analyse the effects of the consumer surplus, producer surplus, government revenue and deadweight loss in the Country C steel market with the tariff. What are the terms of trade of the Country C steel market after the tariff was imposed? Explain the welfare effects of both countries.

Canada has not allowed for the bulk exportation of water. The current price for water for Canadian consumers is $40 per tonne (typically delivered via an underground pipe to your house/business!) and Canadians consume 3 M Tonnes/yr. Unfortunately, climate change has resulted in droughts in California and other Southern states. To help meet this need and make a profit of course, Canada has decided to allow international trade in water. The North America (or world) price for water is currently $60/tonne. (Hint the supply lines does not move..) Explain in words a. what will happen to production (supply) and Canadian demand for water b. the effect on the producer and consumer surplus C. Any imports/exports

Suppose that fixed costs for a firm in the automobile industry (start-up costs of factories, capital equipment, and so on) are 50 and that variable costs are equal to 20 per finished automobile. Because more firms increase competition in the market, the market price falls as more firms enter and automobile market, or specifically, P-20 + (1/2n), where "n" represents the number of firms in a market. Assume that the initial size of the US and the European automobile markets are 900 and 1,600 people, respectively. a. Calculate the equilibrium number of firms in the US and European automobile markets without trade. Explain. b. What is the equilibrium price of automobiles in the US and Europe if the automobile industry is closed to foreign trade? Explain. C. Now suppose that the US decides on free trade in automobiles with Europe. How many automobile firms will there be in the US and in Europe combined? What will be the new equilibrium price of automobiles? Explain. d. Why are prices in the…

"Trinidad and Tobago is not only impacted by the economic consequences of COVID-19; but as an oil-and-gas exporting country, the economic, financial and social consequences have been further compounded by the dramatic drop in oil and gas prices. The worldwide demand for crude oil has crashed in the context of stay-home-lockdown orders. As I indicated earlier, on April 20, 2020, the price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) took an unprecedented turn entering negative territory for the first time in its history, The WTI June 2020 delivery for crude oil is currently US$15 per barrel and the natural gas June futures price is US$1.82 per MMBTU." "The Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago is helping the economy navigate through these difficult circumstances. For example, the Central Bank has reduced the reserve requirements for the commercial banks from 17.0 percent to 14.0 percent; and the repo rate from 5.0 percent to 3.5 percent. As a result, Commercial banks have reduced their prime lending…

"Trinidad and Tobago is not only impacted by the economic consequences of COVID-19; but as an oil-and-gas exporting country, the economic, financial and social consequences have been further compounded by the dramatic drop in oil and gas prices. The worldwide demand for crude oil has crashed in the context of stay-home-lockdown orders. As I indicated earlier, on April 20, 2020, the price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) took an unprecedented turn entering negative territory for the first time in its history, The WTI June 2020 delivery for crude oil is currently US$15 per barrel and the natural gas June futures price is US$1.82 per MMBTU." "The Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago is helping the economy navigate through these difficult circumstances. For example, the Central Bank has reduced the reserve requirements for the commercial banks from 17.0 percent to 14.0 percent; and the repo rate from 5.0 percent to 3.5 percent. As a result, Commercial banks have reduced their prime lending…