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A person forgets to eat breakfast one morning. How would this person's body respond to maintain blood sugar homeostasis?
A. The pancreas would release insulin to signal the liver to release stored sugars.
B. The pancreas would release glucagon to signal the liver to store blood sugars as glycogen.
C. The pancreas would release insulin to signal the liver to store blood sugars as glycogen.
D. The pancreas would release glucagon to signal the liver to release stored sugars.
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- Which of these does insulin do? A. It helps the intestines digest glucose. B. It helps glucose enter cells. C. It converts glucose into glutamate. D. It converts stored fats into glucose.An increase in calcium concentration can be associated with an increase in stomach acidity. This process is similar to the processes involved in neurotransmitter and insulin release. How is calcium associated with increased stomach acid? a. Calcium binds to the alpha subunit of a G protein activating proton pumps already on the membrane. b. Calcium is pumped out of the cell by an ATPase and as a result this lowers the pH of the gut. c. Calcium influx into the cell allows vesicles containing proton pumps on their membranes to fuse with the cellular membrane. d. Calcium influx into the cell allows vesicles filled with protons to fuse with the cellular membrane. e. Calcium binds to acetylcholine receptors on Parietal cells and opens gated proton channels releasing protons from the cytoplasm to outside the cell.When a person fasts for days or weeks the body must compensate by changing proteins (muscle) and fats (adipose) into glucose. What is the name of this homeostatic process and what hormone stimulates this process? A. glycogenolysis stimulated by insulin B. glucohydro-attenuation stimulated by adrenalin C. gluconeogenesis stimulated by cortisol D. carbo-redemtion stimulated by cortisol.
- What do glucocorticoids and glucagon hav in common? They signal for? a. glycogen synthesis b. catabolism of expendable proteins c. production of cholesterol and steriodsndicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement or provide a briefexplanation for why it is false.a. Insulin increases the rate of glucose uptake by the tissues.b. Glucagon is the hormone that signals low blood glucose levels.c. The muscles can use glucose, fatty acids and ketone bodies for fuel.d. Epinephrine stimulates breakdown of glycogen in muscles when there is an immediate needfor energy by muscle cells.e. Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis to maintain the blood glucose concentration.f. With high [carbohydrate] levels, excess glucose (after glycogen storage has reached amaximum) is converted to fat.g. The high potential electrons of NADH enter the respiratory chain at NADH-Q reductase.h. Ubiquinol (QH2) is also the entry point for electrons from NADH of flavoproteins.i. Cytochrome reductase catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to O2.Outline the process by which insulin and glucagon work to regulate blood glucose levels. Use a diagram to support your explanation.
- Hormone X appears to regulate the blood concentration of chemical Y via a negative feedback loop. a. Predict what happens to the secretion of hormone X when the blood concentration of chemical Y decreases. b. What effect will this likely have on the blood concentration of chemical Y?c. Predict what happens to the secretion of hormone X when the blood concentration of chemical Y increases.What is the effect of aging on glucose regulation? Give specific rational A.Decreased response to insulin B.Increased secretion of glucagon C.Increased oxygen utilization D.Decreased platelet productionWhat makes the blood abnormally acidic? A. Low levels of ketones B. high level of insulin C. Low level of insulin D. High level of ketones E. None of the above
- Which of the following mechanisms could both be used by the body to increase body temperature if a person forgets a coat on a cold day? A. Superficial blood vessels dilate, and the thyroid decreases metabolism. B. Superficial blood vessels constrict, and the thyroid decreases metabolism. C. Superficial blood vessels dilate, and the thyroid increases metabolism. D. Superficial blood vessels constrict, and the thyroid increases metabolism.What hormone triggers fatty acid biosynthesis? a.dopamino b.insulin c.vasopressin d.epinephrine1a) In a healthy mammal, which one of the following will lead indirectly to increased production of glycogen in liver cells? A. a reduction in insulin output B. a high glucose content in the diet C. an increase in thyroxine production D. a reduction in the amino acid concentration in the blood B) What effect would be caused by cutting the sympathetic nerve fibres to the heart? A. a decrease in the heartbeat rate B. a decrease in the length of the diastole phase C. a decrease in the length of the systole phase D. a decrease in the stroke volume c) If the nerve fibres within the septum are damaged, which phase of the cardiac cycle will be affected? A. ventricular diastole B. ventricular systole C. atrial systole D. atrial diastol