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- Please answer only in the programming language C++ Implement a known plaintext attack on the hill cipher. Plaintext ="how are you today" and ciphertext ="ZWSENIUSPLJVEU". Deduce the key matrix with dimension = 2. Question 4 Key: [15,12] [11,3]Alice uses RSA to send a key to Bob for use in encryption of future messages. The key is the word "CINEMA" and the encoding from letters to numbers is done using the ASCII: A = 65... Z = 90, space = 99. The public parameters (n, e) = (9379, 11) are shared. Encrypt Alice's key word, using 2-letter blocks. Please show work.Consider the following encryption scheme for a block cipher (using the notationfrequently used in class).y1 = ek(x1 ⊕ IV), y2 = ek(x2), y3 = ek(x3), etc.a. Suppose IV is a block consisting entirely of zeros. Which mode ofoperation does the described mode reduce to?b. Describe the corresponding decryption scheme.c. Can encryption and/or decryption be run in parallel for this scheme?
- A cipher suite is a choice of algorithms for key exchange, authentication and encryption to be used together in TLS. Cipher suites are specified by an abbreviation such as the following: “ADH-DES-CBC-SHA”. Search online and find one example of a cipher suite used in TLS 1.3. Write the name of the cipher suite; then, for each component, write what the abbreviation stands for and for which cryptographic task that algorithm is used in that suite.A symmetric block encryption algorithm is shown below. 16-bit blocks of plaintext P are encrypted using a 32-bit key. Encryption is defined as: C = (P EX_OR Ko) + K1 C is the ciphertext, K is the secret key, Ko is the leftmost 16 bits of K, K1 is the rightmost 16 bits of K, EX_OR is bitwise exclusive OR, and + is binary addition. a. The ciphertext C must be the same size as the plaintext P, that is, it must not be larger than 16 bits. How can this be achieved? b. Show the decryption equation. How will the encrypted message be decrypted?8. A security system is used to encrypt the password of a cryptocurrency wallet (crypto wallet) and generate 10 different codes that the owner of the wallet can copy on 10 papers that he will hide with great care. So if a thief finds 1 of these hidden papers, he will not be able to unlock the wallet. Indeed it would be necessary to have at least 6 (any 6) codes to reconstitute the secret passphrase and unlock the wallet. How is it possible ?
- Exercise 1 (The RSA basics ( Alice forms a public key for the "textbook" RSA public-key encryption and signature schemes, choosing N = 1073 and e = 715. 1. Encrypt the message M = 3 for Alice. 2. What is Alice's private key, and how does she use it for decrypting the received ciphertext? 3. Generate a signature on the message M = 1234567 using the following simple hash function H: {0, 1} ZN such that H(M)= 3M + 5 (mod N). 4. Verify that the signature you generated in the previous step is a valid signature.Public Key Authority is one example of this. Before sending a message to A, the Public Key Authority must prepare a request for B's public key (E(PRauth[PUB] || Request || Time1]). It's debatable whether letter in the alphabet A should be used to understand the message.1 Consider the following encrypted message: YBAGRBO This message was encrypted using a standard transposition code with the following key: (3, 2, 7, 1, 6) The message is the name of a person. Decrypt this message below: 2. Create your own encrypted message using a standard transposition code. Show the work below, and write the key, the message, and the encrypted message. Key: Message: Encrypted message:
- Q4:- A fast computer is used to break a ciphertext (A) using columnar transposition cipher that needs 150 attempts, the speed of processor is 4 MIPS (million instructions per second), and each attempt needs 5 instructions. Another computer of speed 3 MIPS is used to break ciphertext (B) using Caesar Cipher that needs 110 attempts, and each attempt needs 4 instructions for ciphertext (B). Determine which ciphertext will be broken first (consider the worst case, i.e. the last attempt is the successful one), write your answer in details?1. We assume Z26 ={0, 1, …, 25} is the alphabet for One-Time Pad, and the Plaintext space = Ciphertext space = Key space = (Z26)5. If the plaintext is (11, 8, 5, 19, 22) and the key is (2, 20, 15, 10, 6), what is the ciphertext? ( ) (13, 2, 20, 3, 2). (13, 28, 20, 29, 28). (13, 28, 20, 29, 2) (13, 24, 6, 23, 24). 2. We assume Z26 ={0, 1, …, 25} is the alphabet for One-Time Pad, and the Plaintext space = Ciphertext space = Key space = (Z26)5. If the ciphertext is (11, 24, 5, 19, 22) and the key is (2, 20, 2, 10, 23), what is the decrypted plaintext? ( ) (13, 18, 7, 3, 19). (9, 4, 7, 29, 25). (13, 18, 3, 29, 25) (9, 4, 3, 9, 25). 3. For the binary version of One-Time Pad, if the ciphertext is 10110010 and the key is 01011010, what is the corresponding plaintext? ( )I need help with the following problem: A ciphertext was generated using an affine cipher. The most frequent letter in the ciphertext is “C” and the second most frequent letter is “V”. Break the code. Assume that the most frequent letter in English is “E” and the second most frequent letter is “T”.