Activity #1 Explore!!! NEURONS Identify the parts of the neuron. Give the parts and functions of each part of the neuron. ● Differentiate the three types of neurons PROCEDURE: 1. Given is a figure of a neuron. Draw it on your paper and then afterwards label its parts. Structure of a Typical Neuron 2. Describe and give the function of each of the parts. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. OBJECTIVES:

Activity #1 Explore!!! NEURONS Identify the parts of the neuron. Give the parts and functions of each part of the neuron. ● Differentiate the three types of neurons PROCEDURE: 1. Given is a figure of a neuron. Draw it on your paper and then afterwards label its parts. Structure of a Typical Neuron 2. Describe and give the function of each of the parts. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. OBJECTIVES:

Anatomy & Physiology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168130

Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Publisher:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Chapter12: The Nervous System And Nervous Tissue

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7ILQ: Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/summation) to learn about summation. The process of...

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Match the neuron structure with its correct function or description. 1. Structure that receives stimuli and carries impulses to the cell body Grey matter 2. Part of the neuron that releases a chemical transmitter across the synapse + Myelin sheath 3. Cells that protect, nourish, and defend neurons + White matter 4. Structure that contains the neuron's nucleus and is the site of the neuron's cell metabolism : Synapse 5. The gap between two myelin sheaths that allows faster conduction of action potential 6. Lipid, fatty insulating layer around some axons that protects the neurons and speeds the impulses along the neuron + Dendrite 7. Unmyelinated neurons in the CNS + Axon 8. Structure that transmits impulses away from the cell body to another neuron, the muscles, or glands Axon terminal 9. Myelinated neurons in the CNS Cell body 10. The gap or junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle Node of Ranvier * Glial cell
Inhibitory post synaptic membrane potential - Data Cl- Cl- Nr of GABA inside Max Postsynaptic Voltage (mV) outside receptors 140 20 hel-89- 00 140 20 - 34.428 140 40 - ףQLL-b Questions 11. What is an IPSP? 12. GABA receptors on the postsynaptic neuron function as ion channels for which ion? 13. Based on the data collected, when is it more possible for an action potential to occur? When the intracellular Cl- concentration in the postsynaptic neuron increases or when the number of GABA receptors on the postsynaptic membrane increases? 14. Explain
Nervous Tissue Pre-Lab Activity 1. Identify the part of a neuron that matches each description dendrites Conducts electrical signals towards the cell body. Conducts electrical signals away from the cell body. axon Area where neurotransmitters are stored and released Myelinated nCTEOffs the eFFicirny of clecrical transmission 2. Identify the structural classification of neurons that matches each description. Transmits electrical signals to skeletal muscle Transmits electrical signals from the skin to the spinal cord Sensory neuron located in the eye and used in vision 3. Identify the type of neuroglial cell that matches each description. Produce myelin in the central nervous system Located in the central nervous system and anchors blood vessels to neurons Unit 10 Nervous System 325
Ne ansmitter I. Sequencing Arrange the events that occur during synaptic transmission. Use letters A-F to denote the correct sequence. Use the diagram on the right as a clue. SENDING NEURON Example: vessces Synepte B1. lon channel opens SYNGPSE 1. lon channel opens 2. Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic SYNAPTac CLEFT cleft RECEMNG NEURCN4 3. Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane Jon chen nels Neurotren s mitter F eptor Neurotrensmitter broken down znd setacsed 4. Neurotransmitter binds to receptor Bons 5. Action potential arrives burnu 6. lon channel closes
Name: The Neuron 1. Processes that carry the action potential (impulse) away from the cell body are called 2. The short, numerous, receptive processes of a neuron are called 3. Gaps in the myelin sheath are called the 4. The CNS consists of the and 5. The PNS consists of the nerves and nerves. 6. Neurons that carry an impulse from a sensory receptor to the CNS are called neurons. 7. Neurons that carry an impulse from the CNS to a muscle or gland are called neurons. 8. Regions of the brain and spinal cord that contain myelinated fibers are referred to as matter. Areas with unmyelinated cell bodies are referred to as matter. 9. Label each of the indicated structures on the neuron below: This neuron is representative of the type of known as a neuron. (b) Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Ine., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Subject: Neurophysiology Imagine a toxin that blocks voltage gated K channels. What do you expect to see at the neuromuscular junction when you stimulate the pre synaptic neuron? Would you release neurotransmitter? Would the skeletal muscle contract?
! Required information 30s Multiple Choice Synaptic vesicles of somatic neurons contain Action potential 0:00 0:45 Predominately calcium ions Stored choline Acetylcholine Predominately sodium ions -Presynaptic terminal 1x
Activities 1. Diseases Affecting Myelination Myelin sheaths, produced by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system, serve to protect and insulate the axons of neurons with a fatty tissue. This allows electrical signals to propagate very quickly along the axon. In multiple sclerosis (MS), this myelination is disrupted in the CNS causing inflammation and damage to those axons, leaving scars (plaques) and interrupting the transmission of impulses (Figure 10.9). MYELIN SHEATH DESTRUCTION Figure 10.9. Nerve affected by multiple sclerosis. Question 1 Guillain-Barre Syndrome is another type of demyelination disease. Research this disease and provide one similarity and one difference between it and MS. Question 2 2. What type of neuroglial cell would you expect to find increased after brain injury and why?
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/summation) to learn about summation. The process of converting electrical signals to chemical signals and back requires subtle changes that can result in transient increases or decreases in membrane voltage. To cause a lasting change in the target cell, multiple signals are usually added together, or summated. Does spatial summation have to happen all at once, or can the separate signals arrive on the postsynaptic neuron at slightly different times? Explain your answer.
Visit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurolab) to see a virtual neurophysiology lab, and to observe electrophysiological processes in the nervous system, where scientists directly measure the electrical signals produced by neurons. Often, the action potentials occur so rapidly that watching a screen to see them occur is not helpful. A speaker is powered by the signals recorded from a neuron and it pops each time the neuron fires an action potential. These action potentials are firing so fast that it sounds like static on the radio. Electrophysiologists can recognize the patterns within that static to understand what is happening. Why is the leech model used for measuring the electrical activity of neurons instead of using humans?
Explain in few sentences !! how a neuron can repair itself. What increases the likelihood of repair; what decreases the likelihood of repair? If repair is not possible, what other options are possible to innervate the effector organ?
Identify TRUE or FALSE 5. The neuron cannot be stimulated during the absolute refractory period.6. The speed of a nerve impulse is independent of the presence of myelin.7. The tightly packed coil of neurolemmocyte membrane that encircles certain kinds of axons is called a node.8. Depolarization of the membrane of a nerve cell occurs by the rapid influx of organic ions.9. In a resting neuron the outside is negatively charged.10. The interior surface of a membrane of a nonconducting neuron differs from the exterior surface in that the former is negatively charged and contains more sodium.