After learning how to value a stock in his Corporate Finance class, Mark Stark decided to put his knowledge into practice and use the constant growth rate model to value El Tomate Feliz Co. He found that the company was severely undervalued. The stock was trading at $50 per share, but he valued it at $120 per share. Mark complained: “I thought that El Tomate Feliz was a steal and bought as many shares as I could, but the price didn’t go up. I have waited a year, and the price has not changed that much.” 1.What could have gone wrong with Mark’s valuation? 2.What can Mark do to mitigate pitfalls in valuation?
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After learning how to value a stock in his
1.What could have gone wrong with Mark’s valuation?
2.What can Mark do to mitigate pitfalls in valuation?
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- After learning how to value a stock in his Corporate Finance class, Mark Stark decided to put his knowledge into practice and use the constant growth rate model to value El Tomate Feliz Co. He found that the company was severely undervalued. The stock was trading at $50 per share, but he valued it at $120 per share. Mark complained: “I thought that El Tomate Feliz was a steal and bought as many shares as I could, but the price didn’t go up. I have waited a year, and the price has not changed that much.” Lower necessary rate of return - Mark would have estimated his cost of equity or required rate of return at lower levels, resulting in better intrinsic values as a result of the lower discount rate. What does this mean,” …Mark would have estimated his cost of equity or required rate of return at lower levels"You heard about a company that is producing a product that you really believe in. You think you can scrape together some money to buy a couple of shares when you get paid next. First, you would like to make sure that the price seems fair so you will calculate its value. Analysts estimate that the price of the stock is likely to be $82.7 in one year. It is a young company, so they do not pay dividends yet. You estimated that the fair return on the stock is 11.2%. What is your best guess at the fair value of the stock given this information? Answer:David Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firm’s level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies have debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use debt and what its effects are on stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant: Who were Modigliani and Miller (MM), and what assumptions are embedded in the MM and Miller models?
- David Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firm’s level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies average about 30% debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use so much more debt and how it affects stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant. Suppose the expected free cash flow for Year 1 is $250,000 but it is expected to grow unevenly over the next 3 years: FCF2=$290,000 and FCF3=$320,000, after which it will grow at a constant rate of 7%. The expected interest expense at Year 1 is $80,000, but it is expected to grow over the next couple of years before the capital structure becomes constant: Interest expense at Year 2 will be $95,000, at Year 3 it will be $120,000, and it will grow at 7% thereafter. What is the estimated horizon unlevered…The company’s EBIT was $150 million last year and is not expected to grow. The firm is currently financed with all equity, and it has 20 million shares outstanding. When you took your corporate finance course, your instructor stated that most firm’s owners would be financially better off if the firms used some debt. When you suggested this to your new boss, he encouraged you to pursue the idea. As a first step, assume that you obtained from the firm’s investment banker the following estimated costs of debt for the firm at different capital structures: % Financed With Debt rd 0% --- 20 9.0% 30 9.5 40 11.0 55 13.0 If the company were to recapitalize, debt would be issued, and the funds received would be used to repurchase stock. Gary’s Guacamole is in the 25 percent state-plus-federal corporate tax bracket, its beta is 1.35 the risk-free rate is 5 percent, and the market risk premium is 8.5…You have been asked by your employers to demonstrate your knowledge in business valuation process, by analyzing the value of Best Group Savings and Loans Company (BGSLC). The company paid a dividend of GH¢ 250,000 this year. The current return to shareholders of companies in the same industry as BGSLC is 12%, although it is expected that an additional risk premium of 2% will be applicable to BGSLC, being a smaller and unquoted company. Compute the expected valuation of BGSLC, if: The current level of dividend is expected to continue into the foreseeable future The dividend is expected to grow at a rate 4% par into foreseeable future The dividend is expected to grow at a 3% rate for three years and 2% afterwards
- The board of directors of Mystery Entertainment, Inc., wants the CEO to boost return on equity (ROE). During a recent interview, they announced their plan to improve the firm’s financial performance. They will raise the prices on all of the company’s products by 10%. They justify the plan by observing that ROE can be decomposed into the product of profit margin, asset turnover, and financial leverage. By raising prices, it is believed this will increase the profit margin and thus ROE. Is this reasonable? Explain your answer.As a consultant to First Responder Inc., you have obtained the following data (dollars in millions). The company plans to pay out all of its earnings as dividends, hence g = 0. Also, no net new investment in operating capital is needed because growth is zero. The CFO believes that a move from zero debt to 80.0% debt would cause the cost of equity to increase from 10.0% to 14.0%, and the interest rate on the new debt would be 9.0%. What would the firm's total market value be if it makes this change? Hints: Find the FCF, which is equal to NOPAT = EBIT(1 - T) because no new operating capital is needed, and then divide by (WACC - g). Do not round your intermediate calculations. Oper. income (EBIT) $800 Tax rate 25.0% New cost of equity (rs) 14.00% New wd 80.0% Interest rate (rd) 9.00% $5,854 $4,917 $6,205 $7,317 $5,561David Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firms level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies have debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use debt and what its effects are on stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant: e. Suppose the expected free cash flow for Year 1 is 250,000 but it is expected to grow faster than 7% during the next 3 years: FCF2 = 290,000 and FCF3 = 320,000, after which it will grow at a constant rate of 7%. The expected interest expense at Year 1 is 128,000, but it is expected to grow over the next couple of years before the capital structure becomes constant: Interest expense at Year 2 will be 152,000, at Year 3 it will be 192,000 and it will grow at 7% thereafter. What is the estimated horizon unlevered value of operations (i.e., the value at Year 3 immediately after the FCF at Year 3)? What is the current unlevered value of operations? What is the horizon value of the tax shield at Year 3? What is the current value of the tax shield? What is the current total value? The tax rate and unlevered cost of equity remain at 25% and 14%, respectively.
- David Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firms level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies have debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use debt and what its effects are on stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant: d. Suppose that Firms U and L have the same input values as in Part c except for debt of 980,000. Also, both firms have total net operating capital of 2,000,000 and both firms are expected to grow at a constant rate of 7%. (Assume that the EBIT in part c is expected at t = 1.) Use the compressed adjusted present value (APV) model to estimate the value of U and L. Also estimate the levered cost of equity and the weighted average cost of capital.David Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firms level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies have debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use debt and what its effects are on stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant: Now assume that Firms L and U are both subject to a 25% corporate tax rate. Using the data given in part b, repeat the analysis called for in parts b(1) and b(2) using assumptions from the MM model with taxes.After researching Best Buy common stock, Sally Wang is convinced the stock is overpriced. She contacts her account executive and arranges to sell short 200 shares of Best Buy. At the time of the sale, a share of common stock had a value of $140. Three months later, Best Buy is selling for $132 a share, and Sally Instructs her broker to cover her short transaction. Total commissions to buy and sell the stock were $54. What is her profit for this short transaction? Total profit after commissions?