As a hobby you propagate a population of worms. You notice that one worm is now clear instead of being tan. You trace down the mutation and discover that it is a single basepair deletion in a pigmentation gene. Explain how a single basepair deletion could result in a drastic mutant phenotype.
Q: compensation in genetics
A: Genetics is subfield of biology. It deals with the study of genetic variations and heredity in…
Q: What is mutation? Explain the significance of mutation in plant breeding. Give an example of a…
A: The genetic material is the fundamental building block for life that is present inside the nucleus…
Q: Explain why conditional alleles are important when we want to study lethal mutations.
A: A type of mutation in which the effects can result in the death or reduce significantly the expected…
Q: Why do Humans require pedigree analysis instead of breeding experiments to determine how a trait is…
A: Breeding experiments include controlled mating between the selected parents to obtain the progeny…
Q: Mutation (a) can produce new alleles. (b) can be harmful, beneficial, or neutral. (c) is a change in…
A: The hereditary substances of all organisms are Nucleic acids. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the…
Q: Speculate on how improved living conditions and medical care in the developed nations might affect…
A: Mutation rate refers to the amount of change in a DNA or protein sequence for a given unit of time.…
Q: Analyze the results obtained by the Lederbergs, and explainhow they are consistent with the random…
A: In 1952, Esther and Joshua Lederberg are pioneers of bacterial genetics who carried out an…
Q: how mutations can be avoided or prevented
A: Mutations are the change in the genetic sequence of the individual due to external factors. If these…
Q: From the information given, is this gene imprinted maternally or paternally? Explain your answer…
A: Albright syndrome is a genetic disease that is regulated by genomic imprinting. Genomic imprinting…
Q: Golden rice is promising transgenic crop. When released for cultivation, for what purpose it will…
A: Genetic engineering is called by various other names such as genetic manipulation or genetic…
Q: Write an essay over genetic mutation. Must include Deletion vs Inversion Vs Duplication vs…
A: The human genome consists of 46 chromosomes and they carry genetic information. The chromosome…
Q: What are the segments of DNA that code for traits called
A: Answer: DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid is the genetic material in all living organisms. it carries…
Q: What is Epistasis? A) When one gene effect another B) When one gene effect multiple phenotype C)…
A: Introduction Genes are the key component of genetic material which control almost all the cellular…
Q: 1. What is an allele? 2. What is a point mutation? 3. How are point mutations related to alleles?…
A: Note: I have answered These questions based on my knowledge, we are not supposed to answer questions…
Q: HORSE: Use your translated amino acid sequences to determine the phenotypes to include in your…
A:
Q: A plant breeder wants to isolate mutants in tomatoes that are defective in DNA repair. However, this…
A: The DNA-repair mechanism in plants help in removing errors that may have occurred during DNA…
Q: A student reads that deer mice that migrated to the hills of Nebraska originally had dark colored…
A: Mutation is a sudden change in the sequence of base pairs resulting in altered phenotype.
Q: How can you determine whether a phenotype such as reduced eyes in fruit flies is due to a recessive…
A: Phenocopy is the variation in the phenotype that is due to environmental conditions like the…
Q: lease write in digital format To mention: a) Types of mutations b) Mutagenic agents c) Genetically…
A: Types of mutations : 1. Point mutations a) Substitution b) Insertion c) Deletion 2. Chromosomal…
Q: Which of the following is the sequence in which the segmentation genes act? a. Segment-polarity…
A: Genes which are developed from zygotes are called zygotic genes. There are three types of zygotic…
Q: Explain why a geneticist interested in finding a gene linked to cancer would want to look at the DNA…
A: Cancer is the condition in which control over cell division is lost.
Q: A. Dr. Doebley and his team compared the DNA sequence of maize to that of a number of teosinte…
A: Corn (Zea mays), often known as Indian corn or maize, is a grass family (Poaceae) cereal plant with…
Q: Imagine you've been offered a deal from a genomics company. You can get a free genome sequence – an…
A: Yes. I'll be interested. I feel this is the future. Genetic testing / Gene profiling. Currently,…
Q: What is an imprinted gene? Explain 2 sentenc
A: In genomic imprinting, the ability of a gene to be expressed depends upon the sex of the parent who…
Q: ssary or can we live without it? Support your answer. make an essay type answer and examples
A: The branch of biology which deals with the study of heredity and evolution is known as the genetics.…
Q: explain how genetic mutations are used to develop new breeds of animals and new varieties of plants.
A: The topic is related to transgenic technology.
Q: If mutations occur at random with respect to an organism’s needs, how does a species become more…
A: Introduction Evolution is the key process which regulates the survivability and continuity of…
Q: Name one type of gene that leads to cancer when it is mutated
A: All malignant growth which is called as cancer also is the consequence of mutation in gene. Changes…
Q: Biology The lab responsible for genotyping the hair color of the subject is taking forever. When you…
A: Single nucleotide polymorphism refers to the germline substitution at a particular position in the…
Q: Pesticides are chemicals that are often sprayed on crops to kill plant-eating insects, preventing…
A: Pesticide resistance describes the decreased susceptibility of a pest population like insects to a…
Q: Humans have manipulated traits in organisms by selective breeding. With new technologies, humans…
A: Gene editing or genome editing is a group of technologies that help the scientists to specifically…
Q: Why would a researcher be interested in over- or misexpression phenotypes?
A: Examples of phenotypes include height, wing length, and hair color. Gene expression is the most…
Q: A mutation in which most of the pi sequence of the gene is removed which type of allele?
A: Introduction :- Mutation is a change in a DNA sequence. Mutations can results from DNA copying…
Q: explain the methods of how we could clone wooly mammoths
A: Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals either naturally or…
Q: Suppose that you could undergo genetic testing at age 18 for susceptibility to a genetic disease…
A: Genetic diseases are caused due to mutations in the genes that are acquired from the parents or can…
Q: What are transposable elements ? Explain how they contribute to the evolution of genomes
A: Introduction: In biology, evolution refers to the change in a species' features over numerous…
Q: (a) Mutations have many different causes and effects. Outline how mutations can affect the gene pool…
A: According to the question, Mutations have many different causes and effects. So, we need to explain…
Q: Using specific examples that have happened in your lifetime, distinguish between a spontaneous…
A: Mutation - Mutation is an alteration in the nucleotide sequences of the genome of an organism,…
Q: To determine: The reason due to which scientists think that new genes arise by the duplication of an…
A: The basic structure and functional unit of heredity is the gene. Diversity allows genes to evolve…
Q: What is adaptive mutation
A: Any alteration in the DNA or damage to the DNA is known as the mutation. Mutation leads to the…
Q: A student reads that deer mice that have migrated to the hills of Nebraska originally had dark…
A: Initially, the mice had dark coloured coats but due to a mutation the coat colour was changed to a…
Q: Given what you read about the human genomein Chapter 13, would you predict that most mutations in…
A: HGP stands for human genome project. It is an international scientific research project. This…
Q: genetic mutations help in mapping the location of genes on a chromosome
A: The first and foremost step for isolating and cloning the normal gene is by genetic mapping of a…
Q: In biology, a trade-off exists when one trait cannot increase without a decrease in another. What…
A: A trade off exists when one trait cannot increase without a decrease in another or vice-versa. It…
Q: A biology professor at a prestigious university
A: Internet and computers may be positively linked to Genetics and DNA. Both kinds are providers of…
Q: Which is a transgenic food crop which may help in solving the problem of night blindness in…
A: A transgenic crop is a genetically modified organism (GMO). A transgenic crop contains one or more…
Q: If curly hair is genetic, why do you have curly hair if none of your ancestors did?
A: The answer to your issue may lay in the manner in which hair-type genes are passed down across…
Q: Which type of mutation is responsible for new variations of a trait?
A: Any alteration in the sequence of DNA of a gene can cause changes in the resulting protein in such a…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- I. The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a transcription factor that is similar to steroid hormone receptors. Thesubstance (ligand) that binds to this receptor is retinoicacid. One of the genes whose transcription is activatedby retinoic acid binding to the receptor is myoD. Thediagram that follows shows a schematic view of theRAR proteins produced by genes into which one oftwo different 12-base double-stranded oligonucleotides had been inserted in the ORF. The insertion site(a–m) associated with each mutant protein is indicatedwith the appropriate letter on the polypeptide map.For constructs encoding proteins a–e, oligonucleotide 1(5′ TTAATTAATTAA 3′ read off either strand) wasinserted into the RAR gene. For constructs encoding proteins f–m, oligonucleotide 2 (5′ CCGGCCGGCCGG 3′)was inserted into the gene.NH2 f g h i j k l m COOHa b c d eThe wild-type RAR protein can both bind DNA and activate transcription weakly in the absence of retinoic acid(RA) and strongly in RA’s presence. Each…. Geneticists interested in human hemoglobins havefound a very large number of mutant forms. Some ofthese mutant proteins are of normal size (but haveamino acid substitutions) while others are short, dueto deletions or nonsense mutations. The first extralong example was named Hb Constant Spring, inwhich the β-globin has all of its normal amino acidsplus several extra amino acids attached after thenormal C-terminal end of the protein. a. What is the most plausible explanation forits origin?b. Is it possible that Hb Constant Spring arose fromfailure to splice out an intron?c. Estimate how many extra amino acids mightbe added to the C terminal end of the mutantproteinGenetically Modified Foods The creation of transgenic crop plants using recombinant DNA methods involves the transfer of just one gene or a small number of genes to the plants, in contrast to classical breeding methods in which hundreds or even thousands of genes are transferred at once. Explain why this is true. If fewer genes are transferred during the creation of transgenic crops, why are some people afraid that they are dangerous?
- If the coding region of a gene (the exons) contains 2,100 base pairs of DNA, would a missense mutation cause a protein to be shorter, longer, or the same length as the normal 700 amino acid proteins? What would be the effect of a nonsense mutation? A sense mutation?Sickle cell hemoglobin DNA CACGTAGACTGAGG ACAC.. Sickle cell hemoglobin MRNA Sickle cell hemoglobin AA sequence 4. What type of mutation is this? Please explain why.A particular protein has the amino acid sequenceN . . . Ala-Pro-His-Trp-Arg-Lys-Gly-Val-Thr . . . Cwithin its primary structure. A geneticist studyingmutations affecting this protein discovered that several of the mutants produced shortened protein molecules that terminated within this region. In one ofthem, the His became the terminal amino acid.a. What DNA single-base change(s) would cause theprotein to terminate at the His residue?b. What other potential sites do you see in the DNAsequence encoding this protein where mutation ofa single base pair would cause premature termination of translation?
- Bong Question #1: The diagram below depicts the regulatory regions for two (made-up) genes, which contain cis-regulatory sequences X, Y, and Z and bind to transcriptional regulatory proteins: zelo led diogot bolgate SMARTY – a transcriptional ACTIVATOR protein, which is present in all neuronal cells and binds to cis-regulatory sequence, X1oq & vino 19vewod.152 moldong sai mut tum BRAWNY-a transcriptional ACTIVATOR protein, which is present in all muscle cells and binds to cis-resgulatory sequence, Yolgulum di ko malo na SNARKY - a transcriptional REPRESSOR protein, which is present in peripheral neurons only and binds to cis-regulatory sequence Z 100 bio se i da se lotimo broup gniwollt od 19 bolgate ons zegg or we de base do no me to stir noitesup od went of sistemos seu anoitesup 15wens horle 10oldog woy ni gnius stoted 1910 ni tatayot ovizasovo got no rade od lliw anioq azia oo ingene Aroom or b X y Jeol VELY gan 100 Tonnodige ΤΑΤΑ, 229nibrow dong H .aodto diw atse meldong mov.no o…The amino acid sequence of part of a protein has beendetermined:N . . . Gly Ala Pro Arg Lys . . . CA mutation has been induced in the gene encodingthis protein using the mutagen proflavin. The resultingutant protein can be purified and its amino acidsequence determined. The amino acid sequence of themutant protein is exactly the same as the amino acidsequence of the wild-type protein from the N terminus of the protein to the glycine in the preceding sequence. Starting with this glycine, the sequence ofamino acids is changed to the following:N . . . Gly His Gln Gly Lys . . . CUsing the amino acid sequences, one can determinethe sequence of 14 nucleotides from the wild-typegene encoding this protein. What is this sequence?. The physicist Stephen Hawking, famous for his theories about black holes, has lived past the age of 70 withamyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a paralyzing neurodegenerative disease that is usually fatal at a muchyounger age. Recently, geneticists discovered that amajor cause of ALS is the unusual expansion of ahexanucleotide repeat (5′-GGGGCC-3′) that lieswithin a gene called C9ORF72, at a location outside ofthe gene’s open reading frame (ORF). A single expanded allele is sufficient to cause ALS, but the reasonthe disease allele is dominant remains unclear. Someexperimental results support the theory that the allelemakes a toxic RNA containing the expanded repeat. Ifthis theory is correct, in what ways is the mutant ALScausing allele similar to the mutant allele that causesHuntington disease? In what ways is it similar to themutant allele that causes fragile X syndrome?
- What phenotypes do you think a homozygous tra1hsn animal with a loss of function Egl-1 mutation would have.Homozygosity for extremely rare mutations in a humangene called SCN9A cause complete insensitivity topain (congenital pain insensitivity or CPA) and a totallack of the sense of smell (anosmia). The SCN9A geneencodes a sodium channel protein required for transmission of electrical signals from particular nerves inthe body to the brain. The failure to feel pain is a dangerous condition as people cannot sense injuries.The SCN9A gene has 26 exons and encodes a1977-amino acid polypeptide. Consanguineous matings in three different families have resulted in individuals with CPA/anosmia. In Family 1, a G-to-Atransition in exon 15 results in a truncated protein that is898 amino acids long; in Family 2, deletion of a singlebase results in a 766-amino acid polypeptide; and inFamily 3, a C-to-G transversion in exon 10 yields a458-amino acid protein.a. Hypothesize as to how each of the three SCN9Amutations affects gene structure: Why are truncatedproteins made in each case? b. How would you…4e. You also study the expression of 3 different mutants for this gene. For each mutant answer the following: Does this mutation change the sequence of the protein produced? Why or why not? If it does change the sequence of protein be sure to write out the new sequence. If it does not change the protein sequence, what effect (if any) would you expect it to have on expression of the gene? 1 20 ORI 40 60 5'..TTCGAGCTCTCGTCGTCGAGATACGCGATGATATTACTGGTAATATGGGGATGCACTATC...3’ 3'...AAGCTCGAGAGCAGCAGCTCTATGCGCTACTATAATGACCATTATACCCCTACGTGATAG...5’ promoter i. Mutant A has a single base pair substitution with the T/A being replaced with C/G base pair at position 35 (position denoted by the * in the sequence above). ii. Mutant B has a 2 G/C pairs inserted between position 19 and 20 (position denoted by the ^ in the sequence above).