Briefly describe the effector functions of the following subsets of CD4* helper T lymphocytes and distinguish their cytokine profiles: i)Th1 cell ii)Th2 cell
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- Briefly describe the effector functions and mediators of the following CD4 T lymphocyte subsets. List the cytokines and principal transcription factors that induce differentiation of CD4 T cells into these subtypes. (i) Th1 cell (ii) Th2 celCD8 T cells in a culture are analyzed for their ability to produce the cytokine IFN-g, and the numbers of IFN-g-producing CD8 T cells are quantified. As a control, T cells are also stimulated with an irrelevant non-viral peptide (ova) plus dendritic cells. The results are shown in the figure below. Why is the T cell response different between the two lymph node populations?For each of the following situations, indicate which type(s) of lymphocyte(s), if any, would be expected to proliferate rapidly in lymph nodes and where in the nodes they would do so. Nomal mouse with a viral infection (a) (b) (c) Neonatally thymectomized mouse immunized with a protein antigen Neonatally thymectomized mouse immunized with the thymus-independent antigen bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which does not require the aid of THcells to activate B cells.
- Provide an example of one complement control protein that controls C3b. State whether it is a plasma or membrane-bound protein and how it would impact the body if that particular control protein was underactive.Why are CD8+/αβT-cells important? Explain the function of the mature activated CD8+/αβT-cell and list 3 cytotoxic effector molecules they secrete and 3 cytokines they secrete.Class II MHC proteins display what kind of antigens? What class of T cell recognizes antigens bound to class II MHC? What types of cells display these proteins?
- Immunology List the CD4+ T lymphocytes lineages? What determines CD4+ T lymphocyte differentiation? Which responses are suppressive? Which responses clear intracellular pathogens? Which responses clear extracellular pathogens? How do helper cells help macrophages? CD8+ T cells? B cells?The current view in the field of immunology is that dendritic cells are the primary antigen-presenting cells for stimulating naive T cells. One piece of evidence supporting this conclusion is the observation that IRF8-deficient individuals, which retain their tissue-resident macrophages, are susceptible to a range of severe opportunistic infections caused by intracellular bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Explain the reasoning behind this argument.Explain the "antigen recognition by cells of adaptive immunity" in a simple way. Relate it with Class I,II,III MHC molecules/genes. Thank you NOTE: Bullet form
- An experiment is performed in a mice and studies have indicated that Batf3-/- mice lack one particular subset of conventional dendritic cells, known as CD8a+ dendritic cells (DC), but otherwise appear to have normal numbers and subsets of all other immune cell populations (e.g., T cells, B cells, macrophages, etc.). The results of this experiment are shown in the figure below. Name two possible functions of CD8a+ dendritic cells that could account for the results seen in the Batf3-/- mice immunized with WNV.Describe the specific roles of helper, regulatory, and cytotoxic T cells in normal cellular immunity.Which type of MHC-class molecule is found on all nucleated cells and is used to communicate with cytotoxic T-lymphocytes? Which classes are displayed on APCs, and which class is used specifically to communicate with (a) helper T-lymphocytes and (b) cytotoxic T-lymphocytes?