By using the following information, determine the cell number concentration in a fermenter containing 1 g dry weight/l biomass: Cell dimensions: 1 x 2 μm cylindrical cells Cell density: 1.05 g/cm³ Water content of cells: 80%
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- An activated sludge plant (CSTR w/ recycle) has the following characteristics: Influent substrate concentration, So = 400 mg/L BODL (all soluble); influent VSS, Xyº = 0; effluent 3 substrate concentration, S = 10 mg/L BODL; flow rate, Q = 1000 m³/day; aeration basin 3 volume, V = 200 m³; reactor MLVSS, Xv = 4,280 mg/L; average, steady-state oxygen uptake rate, Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) = 0.3 mg 02/L-min. The biomass viability (i.e., v = Xa/Xv) was measured using the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) technique and found equal to 0.926. An aliquot of mixed liquor was placed in a small reactor, aerated without any exogenous substrate addition (i.e., starvation conditions) and it's OUR was measured over time resulting in the following data: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Time (days) OUR (mg 02/L-min) 0.3 0.274 0.243| 0.222 0.203 0.182 6 8 10 0.165 0.135 0.110 By use of the above data, the microorganism decay coefficient (b, day can be estimated if you assume that a constant relationship exists between Xa and OUR,…A microorganism is grown in a fermenter under steady-state conditions. The microorganism growth follows Monod kinetics and the following stoichiometric equation: C3H6O3 +a O2 +b NH3 → c biomass + d CO2 + e H₂O Given that the biomass yield is 0.415 grams of biomass per gram of substrate, determine the respiratory quotient.Yeast cells are added to a 3.0 L batch bioreactor so that the initial cell concentration is [X]. = 1.3 g cells / L. The growth mediğim in the reactor, which is well-mixed so the cells have access to all nutrients, contains 150 g CELL DATA ribose (C5H10O5, MW 150), 75 g ammonia (NH3, MW 17), and 85 g oxygen (O2, MW 32). A-10. Determine the maximum concentration of cells, [X], that will form in the bioreactor when the limiting nutrient is consumed. Search Yx/ribose YX/02 YX/NH3 Specific growth rate on limiting nutrient, u Lag phase duration Deceleration phase duration 0.48 g/g 0.87 g/g 0.23 g/g 0.51 h 30 minutes Negligible
- Describe a fermentor and explain how it is scaled up for industrial use.Lactic acid is produced using molasses in a stirred tank bioreactor. Thermophilic bacteria (45-50 0C) are used during production. According to this a-) Calculate how 100 ml of lactic acid is produced in this production process. b-) Calculate how much raw material (molasses) is required for the production of lactic acid in the Stirred tank bioreactor. Draw the bioreactor and flowchart.What is biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) test? At what stage of Sewage treatment this test is performed? BOD level of three samples of water labelled as A, B and C are 30 mg/L, 10mg/L and 500 mg/L respectively. Which sample of water is most polluted?
- Two microorganisms that use naphthalene as a food source have the same Umax but different Ks values for naphthalene. If both types of microorganisms are inoculated at the same cell density into a liquid culture containing naphthalene as the sole carbon source (i.e. the only food source), which microorganism will outcompete the other: the one with the higher Ks or the one with the lower Ks. Why?.Lactic acid is produced by using molasses in stirred tank bioreactor . Thermophilic bacteria (45-50 0C) are used during production. Accordingly, how is 1 L of lactic acid produced in this production process? Draw bioreactor and flowchart.Lactic acid production is carried out in the stirred tank bioreactor. 100 kg molasses entered the production tank initially. Thermophilic bacteria (45-50 0C) are used during production. According to this, a-) Calculate how much lactic acid is produced in this production. b-) draw the bioreactor and its flowchart. (raw material = molasses, the organism used for production = Thermophilic bacteria)
- What is water activity and what role does it play in the growth of microorganisms and yeasts and molds in food? Also name three food preservation methods based on water activity and why they work to increase food stability.Give examples of mesophilic and thermophilic spore formers of concern in the food industry.(b) (c) Explain the biological requirements for microalgal growth and the main system components for a microalgal processing plant to produce biofuel. How is the system design dependent on its geographical location? A continuous microalgal production system is being developed using a raceway design to produce biofuel from CO2 sequestration. Calculate the area of the raceway (m²) to sequester 2000 tons of CO₂ per year if the growth rate is 75mg/L-day and estimate the amount of biofuel that could be produced. Clearly state any assumptions that you make.