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- Country Has Cobb-Douglas production function: Y(it) = A(it) x K(it)1/3L(it)2/3 Where: Y(it) = realGDP K(it) = Capital L(it) = No. workers employed in country (i) on date (t) Suppose multiple countries share the same alpha = 1/3 but different levels of totalfactorproductivity (A(it)). How would one calculate the average annual growth rate of totalfactorprodctivity of each countryConsider now the two-period model in general equilibrium, so that prices, investment and labour supply are endogenous, i.e. the production economy. Analyse and carefully explain graphically and in words the general equilibrium effects of a decrease in TFP(total factor production) for a benchmark economy with no frictions.Consider the following one-period model. Assume that the consumption good is produced by a linear technology: Y = zND where Y is the output of the con- sumption good, z is the exogenous total factor productivity, ND is the labour hours. Government has to finance its expenditures, G, using a lump-sum tax, T, on the rep- resentative consumer. There is no other tax in the economy. The firm is owned by the representative consumer who is endowed with h hours of time she can allocate between work, NS and leisure, l. Preferences of the representative consumer are: U (c, l) = α ln c + (1 − α) ln l (1) where 0 < α < 1 is a parameter. Answers for part b below: A consumer's choice of optimizing its consumption and labor hours (h - l ) is given by the point where , MRS(c , l) = wage rate Now , MRS (c, l) = MU(c) /MU(l) MU(c) = dU/d c = a/c MU(l) = dU /dl = (1-a )/l MRS = a (l)1−a (c)a (l)1-a (c) Putting this in optimal condition we have : a (l)(1−a) (c)a (l)(1-a) (c) = w --- (i) l = w…
- Consider now the two-period model in general equilibrium, so that prices, investment, and labor supply are endogenous, i.e. the production economy. Analyze and carefully explain graphically and in words the general equilibrium effects of a decrease in TFP for a benchmark economy with no frictions.Suppose the economy of Utopia has a labor force of 600 workers, 100 units of capital and 400 hectares of land. It produces manufactured goods (M) which use labor (LM) and capital (K) in production and agricultural goods (A) which use labor (LA) and land (T) in production. The production functions are given by: QM = VR/LM %3D And Ly + LA = L = 600 In autarky, PA = PM = 10. %3D Suppose Utopia engages in trade and the price of manufactured goods, PM = 20. What happens to: 1. The workforce and output of manufactured goods? Of agricultural goods? 2. The nominal and real wage in Utopia? 3. The real return to capital and to land in Utopia? 4. Will everyone support trade?Explain in detail the difference between endogenous variables and Exogenous variables. Use an example for each from the Solow mode
- Problem 4 Consider the following production function: Y, = AKÇH!-"L where Kr is capital, H;is human capital, Leis the amount of workers and A is the (constant) level of technology. • (1) Does this production function satisfy all the neoclassical properties. Discuss the meaning of each property INTUITIVELY. Imagine that parents invest in the human capital of their children up to the point where the MARGINAL PRODUCT OF PHYSICAL CAPITAL, K, is equal to the MARGINAL PRODUCT OF HUMAN CAPITAL, H:. 2 • (ii) What is the relation between K:and H:? Use this relation to write down total output as a function of Kronly. Imagine that the number of people in this economy, Nr, is different from the number of workers because some people do not work. Let l =4 be the number of workers per capita (the fraction of the population that works). Let y; be output per capita and Kt be capital per capita. Finally, let n be the rate of population growth and y, be the growth rate of labor. (iii) Using the…Problem 4 Consider the following production function: Y, = AKÇH!-"L where Kr is capital, H;is human capital, Leis the amount of workers and A is the (constant) level of technology. • (1) Does this production function satisfy all the neoclassical properties. Discuss the meaning of each property INTUITIVELY. Imagine that parents invest in the human capital of their children up to the point where the MARGINAL PRODUCT OF PHYSICAL CAPITAL, K, is equal to the MARGINAL PRODUCT OF HUMAN CAPITAL, H:. 2 • (ii) What is the relation between K:and H:? Use this relation to write down total output as a function of Kronly. Imagine that the number of people in this economy, Nr, is different from the number of workers because some people do not work. Let l =4 be the number of workers per capita (the fraction of the population that works). Let y; ミ be output per capita and be capital per capita. Finally, let n be the rate of population growth and y, be the growth rate of labor. (ii) Using the "effective…The economy of Ouratricot has 50 units of labor and 30 units of capital. Ouratricot has a production unit that produces knitted goods with a technology described by the production function QT=min{2KT,LT} where QT is the quantity of knitted goods produced, KT is the quantity of capital used in the knitted goods production unit, and LT is the quantity of labor used in the knitted goods production unit. Ouratricot has a production unit that produces Ouras with a technology described by the production functionQO=min{KO,LO} where QO is the quantity of Ouras produced, KO is the quantity of capital used in the production unit of Ouras, and LO is the quantity of labor used in the production unit of Ouras. Find all of the capital and wage allocations between the two production units that are likely to be part of an optimal allocation in the sense of Pareto in the economy of Ouratricot. Justify your answer with precision and clarity.
- In a Heckscher-Ohlin model, if capital-owners are relatively better off, then it is consistent with the labour- capital amount (L/K) demanded becoming for the capital-intensive good. Paragraph v B I U ...The Black Death: (a) Wages were higher after the Black Death because of diminishing returns. Our production model exhibits diminishing returns to labor: each additional unit of labor increases output by less and less. So if the amount of labor is reduced, the marginal product of labor — and hence the wage — increases. The reason is that capital stays the same: each remaining worker is able to work with more machines, so his productivity rises. In fourteenth-century Europe, the marginal workers could move to better land and discard old broken-down tools. Graphically, this can be seen by considering the supply-and-demand diagram for labor in Figure 4.2(b). If the supply of labor shifts back (because a large number of workers die), the equilibrium wage rate increases. Draw this graph — including the shift in the labor supply curve — to see the result for yourself. Mathematically, the result can be seen in the solution for the wage rate in our production model,…Consider again the canonical OLG model with log preferences and a Cobb-Douglas production function, but assume that individuals now work in both periods of their lives. (a) Define a competitive equilibrium and the steady-state equilibrium. (b) Characterize the steady-state equilibrium and the transitional dynamics in this economy. (c) Can this economy generate overaccumulation?