(c) Now, consider Strategy B instead (refer to the image below) where the U.S. introduces an import quota of 3,000 oranges, which raises the domestic price to $0.6. How many more oranges will domestic producers now supply compared to under free trade? What is the new quantity demanded by consumers? Price (P) $0.60 $0.30 Q1 Domestic Supply Domestic Supply 2 QUOTA Free Trade Quantity (Q) Q3 Q4 Q2 Domestic producers will now supply [Select] The quantity demanded is now [Select] Demand (D) thousand more oranges. thousand oranges.
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- 0 suppliers will satisfy domestic demand as much as possible before any exporting or importing takes place 905Domestic Demand Domestic Supply 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 QUANTITY (Tons of soybeans) If Colombia is open to international trade in soybeans without any restrictions, it will import tons of soybeans Suppose the Colombian government wants to reduce imports to exactly 100 tons of soybeans to help domestic producers. A tariff of $ 0 will achieve this A tariff set at this level would raise $ in revenue for the Colombian governmentShort Answer Question Scenario I Suppose the domestic supply (Q) and demand (QD) for MP3 players in the United States is represented by the following set of equations: Q$ = -25 + 10P (supply) QD = 875 - 5P (demand) Refer to Scenario I. If the United States engages in free trade and the international price of MP3 players is $50. (a) Compute the equilibrium price and quantity (without international trade). Show your work to get full credit. (b) Compute the quantity demanded and quantity supplied when the price changes from the equilibrium price to a new price of $50. Show your work to get full credit. (c) Will this country export or import when the price changes to $50? Show your work to get full credit. (d) Compute the change in both the consumer and producer surplus when the price changes from the equilibrium price to a new price of $50. Show your work to get full credit. (e) Compute the net national welfare given the new price of $50. Show your work to get full credit.2. Suppose cheap mountain bikes are made in both the US and the Philippines. The supply and demand for each market are given by: US Qd = 9110 – P Qs = 100P – 2000 Philippines Qа 3D 100— 0.5P Q 3 Р- 20 Find the autarky equilibrium price and quantity sold in each country. b. Now suppose the two countries engage in international trade with each other. Find the combined supply and demand equations. Now find the trade price and quantity (world total quantity and imports/exports). Comment on the trade price and the relative size of the two markets. d. а. с. In general, which country will gain relatively more by engaging in international trade. Explain briefly.
- Consider that the market for ethanol in Brazil is described by the following equations: Demand: P = 20-0.5Q Supply: P = 5 + Q If the government of Brazil allows free trade and the world price is $10, then a. Brazil will import 5 barrels of ethanol per day. b. Brazil will export 10 barrels of ethanol per day. c. Brazil will export 15 barrels of ethanol per day. Brazil will import 15 barrels of ethanol per day. d.The figure below represents the domestic market for wheat in a small country. Imports of wheat are prohibited. Price ($ per bushel) $180 $160 0 40 60 C) $300 million. 120 OD) $2.2 billion. 150 Sa (domestic supply curve) -World price With an export subsidy of $20 per bushel, the production effect of the export subsidy amounts to OA) $1 billion. OB) $200 million. Da (domestic demand curve) Quantity (millions of bushels)1. The United States currently imports all of its coffee. The annual demand for coffee by U.S. consumers is given by the demand curve Q = 250 – 10P, where Q is quantity (in millions of pounds) and P is the market price per pound of coffee. World producers can harvest and ship coffee to U.S. distributors at a constant marginal (= average) cost of $8 per pound. U.S. distributors can in turn distribute coffee for a constant $2 per pound. The U.S. coffee market is competitive. Congress is considering a tariff on coffee imports of $2 per pound. a. If there is no tariff, how much do consumers pay for a pound of coffee? What is the quantity demanded? b. If the tariff is imposed, how much will consumers pay for a pound of coffee? What is the quantity demanded? c. Calculate the lost consumer surplus. d. Calculate the tax revenue collected by the government. e. Does the tariff result in a net gain or a net loss to society as a whole?
- One reason why consumers are unlikely to be too upset about tariffs O tariffs are an inexpensive way to create jobs. O most consumers benefit from protection. O the costs are so spread out that no one pays a big share of the total. O consumer losses are not real losses.Consider a small (home) country with the following inverse demand of: P = 200 − 3QD and inverse supplyof: P = 20 + QS for a barrel of oil. The world demand is perfectly horizontal with a price of: P^X = 100.Solve the following for the home country:A) Calculate the equilibrium price and quantityB) Calculate the consumer surplus, producer surplus (note the shape), and total surplusNow, suppose the home country opens up to free trade.C) Calculate the quantity supplied, quantity demanded, export quantity, and priceD) Calculate the consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplusNow, suppose the home country is open to free trade and provides an export subsidy of $15 per barrel of oil.E) Calculate the equilibrium price and quantityF) Calculate the consumer surplus, producer surplus, tax revenue, and total surplusG) Explain how the three outcomes: no trade, free trade, and trade with an export tariff, affect the homecountry (consumers, producers, and overall welfare)H) What changes if…Suppose the demand and the supply for lumber (harvested wood processed in a sawmill) used for construction in Australia are given byQD =100 – 2PQS = 1/2PAssume also that the market is perfectly competitive.Suppose the lumber market described was closed to the rest of the world. Now it opens to trade and the world price of lumber is 20. Compute the equilibrium price, quantity supplied by domestic producers, and quantity demanded by domestic consumers.2.Use a demand and supply graph to show how consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus change with international trade.3. Now suppose that Country A is a major exporter of lumber to Australia and in an effort to impose sanctions on Country A, Australia imposes a tariff of t=10 on all lumber imported into Australia. Use a graph of supply and demand to show how the tariff changes consumer, producer and total surplus.4. Calculate the equilibrium price, quantity produced and demanded domestically, tariff revenue, and deadweight loss.
- Country C imports 80,000 metric tons of steel from Country U and produces domestically80,000 metric tons per year. The world price of steel is $500 per metric ton. Assuming linearschedules, research analysts estimated the price elasticity of domestic supply to be 0.50 and theprice elasticity of domestic demand to be -0.25 in the current market equilibrium. Country Cimposes an import duty of $150 per metric ton that caused the world price to fall by 10%. What are the terms of trade of the Country C steel market after the tariff was imposed? Explain the welfare effects of both countries4. Assume that supply for replacement mobile phone batteries in the Australian domestic market is given by the inverse-supply expression P = 9+0.000010s, while inverse demand is P = 19 -0.00001QD. The world price for batteries is $10. (a) Find the equilibrium price and quantity in the market for replacement mo- bile phone batteries if Australia does not engage in any international trade. Compute the consumer surplus, the producer surplus, and the total surplus in the market. (b) Now assume that Australia trades on the world market for batteries, exporting or importing batteries depending on the relation between the world and domestic prices. Find the price at which batteries will be sold in Australia, the quantity purchased, the quantity produced, and the quantity of imports or exports. Compute the consumer surplus, the producer surplus, and the total surplus in the market, as well as the gains from trade relative to part (a). (c) The Australian government imposes a $2 tariff on the…Suppose a big country with a good's demand described by P = 96 - 4Q and a good's supply described by P = 24 + 2Q implements a $12 tariff, which ultimately decreases the world price from $32 to $28. (a) Calculate the total surplus under each scenario: no trade, free trade, and protected trade. (b) Calculate the terms-of-trade gain that is created by the tariff. (c) Calculate the total surplus if this is a small country instead of a big country under the same market and tariff as above (government charging the same amount per unit imported).