10 3. It is desired to increase the protein concentration in whey, by a factor of 10 byusing ultrafiltration to give an enriched fraction which can subsequently bespray dried to produce whey protein powder. The whey initially contains 6% oftotal solids, 12% of these being protein. The pilot plant experiments show thatprotein concentration at membrane surface is 25%. The ultrafiltration systemcontains 10 tubes with 1.0 cm diameter. The desired processing rate is 1000Kg/hr of feed solution.Mass transfer coefficient, Km is estimated to be 2.71 x 10^6 m/s c) Calculate length of tubes required for desired production rate

Proteins Proteins are the long chain of amino acids , they are essential for the structure,…

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Microbiology for Surgical Technologists (MindTap Course List)

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781111306663

Author:Margaret Rodriguez, Paul Price

Publisher:Margaret Rodriguez, Paul Price

Chapter5: The Eukaryotes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2UTM: Sterile normal saline is used in most surgical procedures as an irrigation solution. During certain...

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continuous disc stack centrifuge is operated at 5000 rpm for separation of tukers' yeast. At a feed rate of 60 min21, thirty of the cells are recovered. For operation at constant centrifuge speed, solids recovery is inversely proportional to the flow rate. (a) What flow rate is required to achieve 90% cell recovery if the centrifuge speed is maintained at 5000rpm thi What operating speed is required to achieve 90% recovery at a feed rate of 60 min211).
Time point (min) Absorbance of culture at 660nm Approximate cell concentration Approximate # cells in 1mL extract 0 0.298 1.49 x 108 cells/mL 1.49 x 108 cells 10 0.316 1.58 x 108 cells/mL 1.58 x 108 cells 20 0.374 1.87 x 108 cells/mL 1.87 x 108 cells 30 0.429 2.145 x 108 cells/mL 2.145 x 108 cells 40 0.512 2.56 x 108 cells/mL 2.56 x 108 cells 50 0.544 2.72 x 108 cells/mL 2.72 x 108 cells 60 0.607 3.035 x 108 cells/mL 3.035 x 108 cells a. Using these data, prepare a growth curve of this strain ofEscherichia coli (E. coli).b. Estimate the doubling time for this strain of E. Coli. Clearly showhow you estimated this value from the empirical data presented.
4. After incubation of the mating mixture for 1 hour, prepare a serial dilution of the mating mixture in sterile saline (to 103). As described in step 2, clearly label each of the double selective agar plates (i.e. (i) Nutrient agar+ Ap + Rif, (ii) Nutrient agar+ Sm + Rif) AND iii) the Nutrient agar + Ap + Sm + Rif plate. Spot inoculate 3 x 10 µl drops of the undiluted, 10-1, 10-2 and 10-3 dilutions of the mating mix onto quadrants of each of these plates. • What is the purpose of this step?
Description 1. The fractions obtained from differential centrifugation are enriched but not pure. Explain how a greater degree of purification can be achieved using Density-gradient centrifugation and velocity centrifugation. 2. Explain equilibrium centrifugation.
8. A. Use Excel (or another graphing program) to draw the growth curve, In (X/X.) vs time, for bacteria grown in a 20 L suspension cell culture, given the following data: - initial concentration: 0.120 gdw cells/L Also report: - lag time: 1.5 hours - mass doubling time during exponential growth: 250 minutes - duration of exponential growth phase: 1 day (24 hours) - negligible time in the deceleration phase - 13 hours in the endogenous metabolism phase with no change in cell concentration - cell death rate with k = 0.0178 min -¹. B. What is the specific growth rate, µ? C. What is the maximum concentration of cells in the reactor? (gdw cells/L) and when does this occur? D. Other than time zero or the end of lag phase, at what time is the concentration of living cells in the reactor equal to the initial concentration of 0.120 gdw/L?
In a fed-batch culture operating with intermittent addition of lactose solution, values ofthe following parameters are given at time t = 2, when the system is at a quasi-steady state. 1.Determine the initial volume of the culture 2. Determine the concentration of growth-limiting substrate and the total amount ofbiomass in the vessel at a quasi-steady state. 3. At which scenario of bioprocessing, a fed-batch system is recommended to be applied?
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If you have a 15 mg/100 ml stock solution of GA3 and you need a 1 mg GA3 in 25 ml, how much stock solution would you add to 125 ml of medium? how to calculate these kind of question in tissue culture media preperation
3b)A plant suspension culture was used to study the effect of three types of media on the growth of the culture using batch culture approach. Figure 3.1 shows the growth of the plant suspension cultures using Murashige and Skoog (MS), Gamborg B5 and Vacin and Went media. Comment and conclude on the results obtained. Suggest which is the most suitable medium to maintain the suspension cultures with justification.
Develop a spreadsheet to predict as functions of time with concentration, volimme and permeate flows for a batch ultrafiltration. Assume that the flux depends on concentration as follows: J(L/M²/H) = A*EXP(-bC) where C is the retentate concentration in g/l. Assume that the recirculation rate is kept high enough that shear rate dependence is eliminated. Do a sample run with C.= 0.5 g/l, Cfinal = 50 g/l, A = 50, and b = 0.02. Assume a filtration area of 19.4M² and an initial volume of 3255 L. Assume σ (protein) = 1.0 or σ (protein) = 0.95 or σ (protein) = 0.90.
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1. Determine the inactivation rate constant (K) for a microorganism for the following treated effluent sample. The effluent temperature was 20°C. If the activation energy for the disinfection reaction is 60 kJ/mole, determine the inactivation rate constant (K) at 12°C. Assume Chick's law applies. In (N/N.) Time, min 1.5 3.9 3 2.5 5.6 7.7 9.2

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