Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity 9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133949640
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
1 Basic Concepts Of Chemistry 2 Atoms Molecules And Ions 3 Chemical Reactions 4 Stoichiometry: Quantitative Information About Chemical Reactions 5 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Energy And Chemical Reactions 6 The Structure Of Atoms 7 The Structure Of Atoms And Periodic Trends 8 Bonding And Molecular Structure 9 Bonding And Molecular Structure: Orbital Hybridization And Molecular Orbitals 10 Gases And Their Properties 11 Intermolecular Forces And Liquids 12 The Solid State 13 Solutions And Their Behavior 14 Chemical Kinetics: The Rates Of Chemical Reactions 15 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Equilibria 16 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: The Chemistry Of Acids And Bases 17 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Other Aspects Of Aqueous Equilibria 18 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Entropy And Free Energy 19 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Electron Transfer Reactions 20 Environmental Chemistry-earth's Environment, Energy, And Sustainability 21 The Chemistry Of The Main Group Elements 22 The Chemistry Of The Transistion Elements 23 Carbon: Not Just Another Element 24 Biochemistry 25 Nuclear Chemistry L Let's Review Chapter13: Solutions And Their Behavior
13.1 Units Of Concentration 13.2 The Solution Process 13.3 Factors Affecting Solubilitiy: Pressure And Temperature 13.4 Colligative Properties 13.5 Colloids Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1PS: You dissolve 2.56 g of succinic acid, C2H4(CO2H)2, in 500. mL of water. Assuming that the density of... Problem 2PS: You dissolve 45.0 g of camphor, C10H16O, in 425 mL of ethanol, C2H5OH. Calculate the molality, mole... Problem 3PS Problem 4PS Problem 5PS Problem 6PS Problem 7PS Problem 8PS Problem 9PS: Hydrochloric acid is sold as a concentrated aqueous solution. If the concentration of commercial HCl... Problem 10PS: Concentrated sulfuric acid has a density of 1.84 g/cm3 and is 95.0% by weight H2SO4. What is the... Problem 11PS: The average lithium ion concentration in seawater is 0.18 ppm. What is the molality of Li+ in... Problem 12PS: Silver ion has an average concentration of 28 ppb (parts per billion) in U.S. water supplies. (a)... Problem 13PS: Which pairs of liquids will be miscible? (a) H2O and CH3CH2CH2CH3 (b) C6H6 (benzene) and CCl4 (c)... Problem 14PS: Acetone, CH3COCH3, is quite soluble in water. Explain why this should be so. Problem 15PS Problem 16PS: Use the following data to calculate the enthalpy of solution of sodium perchlorate, NaClO4:... Problem 17PS: You make a saturated solution of NaCl at 25 C. No solid is present in the beaker holding the... Problem 18PS: Some lithium chloride, LiCl, is dissolved in 100 mL of water in one beaker, and some Li2SO4 is... Problem 19PS Problem 20PS: The Henrys law constant for O2 in water at 25 is given in Table 13.2. Which of the following is a... Problem 21PS: An unopened soda can has an aqueous CO2 concentration of 0.0506 m at 25 C. What is the pressure of... Problem 22PS: Hydrogen gas has a Henrys law constant of 7.8 104 mol/kgbar at 25 C when dissolving in water. If... Problem 23PS: A sealed flask contains water and oxygen gas at 25 C. The O2 gas has a partial pressure of 1.5 atm.... Problem 24PS: Butane, C4H10, has been suggested as the refrigerant in household compressors such as those found in... Problem 25PS: A 35.0-g sample of ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is dissolved in 500.0 g of water. The vapor pressure... Problem 26PS: Urea, (NH2)2CO, which is widely used in fertilizers and plastics, is quite soluble in water. If you... Problem 27PS: Pure ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is added 2.00 kg of water in the cooling system of a car. The... Problem 28PS: Pure iodine (105 g) is dissolved in 325 g of CCl4 at 65 C. Given that the vapor pressure of CCl4 at... Problem 29PS Problem 30PS: What is the boiling point of a solution composed of 15.0 g of urea, (NH2)2CO, in 0.500 kg of water? Problem 31PS Problem 32PS Problem 33PS Problem 34PS: Some ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is added to your cars cooling system along with 5.0 kg of water.... Problem 35PS: You dissolve 15.0 g of sucrose, C12H22O11, in a cup of water (225 g). What is the freezing point of... Problem 36PS: A typical bottle of wine consists of an 11% solution (by weight) of ethanol (C2H5OH) in water. If... Problem 37PS Problem 38PS: Estimate the osmotic pressure of human blood at 37 C. Assume blood is isotonic with a 0.154 M NaCl... Problem 39PS: An aqueous solution containing 1.00 g of bovine insulin (a protein, not ionized) per liter has an... Problem 40PS: Calculate the osmotic pressure of a 0.0120 M solution of NaCl in water at 0 C. Assume the vant Hoff... Problem 41PS: You add 0.255 g of an orange, crystalline compound whose empirical formula is C10H8Fe to 11.12 g of... Problem 42PS: Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is used in margarine and other fats and oils. (It is used as an... Problem 43PS: Benzyl acetate is one of the active components of oil of jasmine. If 0.125 g of the compound is... Problem 44PS: Anthracene, a hydrocarbon obtained from coal, has an empirical formula of C7H5. To find its... Problem 45PS: An aqueous solution contains 0.180 g of an unknown, nonionic solute in 50.0 g of water. The solution... Problem 46PS: Aluminon, an organic compound, is used as a reagent to test for the presence of the aluminum ion in... Problem 47PS Problem 48PS: To make homemade ice cream, you cool the milk and cream by immersing the container in ice and a... Problem 49PS: List the following aqueous solutions in order of increasing melting point. (The last three are all... Problem 50PS: Arrange the following aqueous solutions in order of decreasing freezing point. (The last three are... Problem 51PS: When solutions of BaCl2 and Na2SO4 are mixed, the mixture becomes cloudy. After a few days, a white... Problem 52PS: The dispersed phase of a certain colloidal dispersion consists of spheres of diameter 1.0 102 nm.... Problem 53GQ: Phenylcarbinol is used in nasal sprays as a preservative. A solution of 0.52 g of the compound in... Problem 54GQ: (a) Which aqueous solution is expected to have the higher boiling point: 0.10 m Na2SO4 or 0.15 m... Problem 55GQ: Arrange the following aqueous solutions in order of (i) increasing vapor pressure of water and (ii)... Problem 56GQ Problem 57GQ: Dimethylglyoxime [DMG, (CH3CNOH)2] is used as a reagent to precipitate nickel ion. Assume that 53.0... Problem 58GQ: A 10.7 m solution of NaOH has a density of 1.33 g/cm3 at 20 C. Calculate the following: (a) the mole... Problem 59GQ: Concentrated aqueous ammonia has a molarity of 14.8 mol/L and a density of 0.90 g/cm3. What is the... Problem 60GQ Problem 61GQ: If you want a solution that is 0.100 m in ions, what mass of Na2SO4 must you dissolve in 125 g of... Problem 62GQ: Consider the following aqueous solutions: (i) 0.20 m HOCH2CH2OH (nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte); (ii)... Problem 63GQ: (a) Which solution is expected to have the higher boiling point: 0.20 m KBr or 0.30 m sugar? (b)... Problem 64GQ: The solubility of NaCl in water at 100 C is 39.1 g/100. g of water Calculate the boiling point of... Problem 65GQ: Instead of using NaCl to melt the ice on your sidewalk you decide to use CaCl2. If you add 35.0 g of... Problem 66GQ: The smell of ripe raspberries is due to 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, which has the empirical... Problem 67GQ: Hexachlorophene has been used in germicidal soap. What is its molar mass if 0.640 g of the compound,... Problem 68GQ: The solubility of ammonium formate, NH4CHO2, in 100. g of water is 102 g at 0 C and 546 g at 80 C. A... Problem 69GQ: How much N2 can dissolve in water at 25 C if the N2 partial pressure is 585 mm Hg? Problem 70GQ: Cigars are best stored in a humidor at 18 C and 55% relative humidity. This means the pressure of... Problem 71GQ: An aqueous solution containing 10.0 g of starch per liter has an osmotic pressure of 3.8 mm Hg at 25... Problem 72GQ Problem 73GQ: Calculate the enthalpies of solution for Li2SO4 and K2SO4. Are the solution processes exothermic or... Problem 74GQ: Water at 25 C has a density of 0.997 g/cm3. Calculate the molality and molarity of pure water at... Problem 75GQ: If a volatile solute is added to a volatile solvent, both substances contribute to the vapor... Problem 76GQ: A solution is made by adding 50.0 mL of ethanol (C2H5OH, d = 0.789 g/mL) to 50.0 mL of water (d =... Problem 77GQ: A 2.0% (by mass) aqueous solution of novocainium chloride (C13H21ClN2O2) freezes at 0.237 C.... Problem 78GQ: A solution is 4.00% (by mass) maltose and 96.00% water. It freezes at 0.229 C. (a) Calculate the... Problem 79GQ: The following table lists the concentrations of the principal ions in seawater: (a) Calculate the... Problem 80GQ: A tree is 10.0 m tall. (a) What must be the total molarity of the solutes if sap rises to the top of... Problem 81GQ Problem 82GQ: A compound is known to be a potassium halide, KX. If 4.00 g of the salt is dissolved in exactly 100... Problem 85GQ Problem 86GQ: If one is very careful, it is possible to float a needle on the surface of water. (If the needle is... Problem 87IL: A solution of benzoic acid in benzene has a freezing point of 3.1 C and a boiling point of 82.6 C.... Problem 88IL: You dissolve 5.0 mg of iodine, I2, in 25 mL of water. You then add 10.0 mL of CCl4 and shake the... Problem 89IL Problem 90IL: In a police forensics lab, you examine a package that may contain heroin. However, you find the... Problem 91IL: An organic compound contains carbon (71.17%), hydrogen (5.12%) with the remainder nitrogen.... Problem 92IL Problem 93SCQ: When sails of Mg2+, Ca2+, and Be2+ are placed in water, the positive ion is hydrated (as is the... Problem 94SCQ: Explain why a cucumber shrivels up when it is placed in a concentrated solution of salt. Problem 95SCQ Problem 96SCQ: A 100.-gram sample of sodium chloride (NaCl) is added to 100. mL of water at 0 C. After equilibrium... Problem 97SCQ Problem 98SCQ Problem 99SCQ: Starch contains CC, CH, CO, and OH bonds. Hydrocarbons have only CC and CH bonds. Both starch and... Problem 100SCQ Problem 101SCQ: You have two aqueous solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane. One contains 5.85 g of NaCl... Problem 102SCQ Problem 104SCQ: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly used to melt ice on roads during the winter. Calcium chloride... Problem 105SCQ Problem 106SCQ Problem 107SCQ Problem 79GQ: The following table lists the concentrations of the principal ions in seawater: (a) Calculate the...
Related questions
Given the following solutions:
Solutions Flask 1 Flask 2 Flask 3
0.06 M KI
20.0 mL
20.0 mL
10.0 mL
1% starch
5.00mL
5.00mL
5.00mL
0.02 M Na2 S2 O3
3.50 mL
3.50 mL
3.50 mL
0.08 M H2 SO4
5.00 mL
5.00mL
5.00mL
0.05 M NaCl
0
0
10.0 mL
and
Solutions Beaker 1 Beaker 2 Beaker 3
0.06 M H2 O2
20.0 mL
10.0 mL
20.0 mL
deioinized water
0
10.0 mL
0
Following the procedure Run 1 is when Beaker 1 is added to Flask 1 and the timer is started giving the time recorded for the run in the table below. This is repeated with Beaker 2 and Flask 2 for Run 2 and finally Beaker 3 and Flask 3 for Run 3:
The results for these runs are given below:
Run
Time (seconds)
1
20
2
38
3
44
Calculate the following for each run:
Choose the correct rate law for this reaction from your calculations.
Definition Definition Study of the speed of chemical reactions and other factors that affect the rate of reaction. It also extends toward the mechanism involved in the reaction.
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Run 1 (Beaker 1 + Flask 1)
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VIEW Run 3 (Beaker 3 + Flask 3)
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