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  1. Auroras are caused by collisions between particles such as electrons released by the Sun, and atoms in a planet’s atmosphere. These collisions transfer energy to the atmospheric atoms causing them to emit specific colors (wavelengths) of light. On Earth, auroras occur in a layer of the atmosphere known as the ionosphere, 80 km to 400 km above the surface. If solar activity increases, the number of sunspots increases, and more particles are released by the Sun. If, on average, there were 150 sunspots in 2014, 5 in 2020, and 160 in 2023, which year(s) will have the most auroras, and which year(s) the least? Can you explain why?

 

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