Consider the Inter-temporal Model with two time periods, t=0 and t=1. Home is a small open economy that can borrow and lend in the first period at the world real interest rate of 5%. In the first period, output is Yo = 100 and in the second period Y₁ = 100. The country wants to smooth consumption as much as possible. The country ended period t=-1 with positive external assets, W-1 = 50. What is the value of the current account in period 0 and period 1? Also, what is the value of net factor income from abroad in period 1? What is the value of the trade balance in period 0 and period 1?
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- 16 100% 3 7 4 Consider the economic model: Yt Ct + it Ct myt-1 act-1 where y is GDP, c is consumption, i is investment, m and a are multipliers. (i) Write down a difference equation for y (ii) Find the condition under which the steady state exists, and find the steady state solution (iii) Find the condition under which the system converges to the steady state (iv) Find the condition under which y will show sinusoidal (cyclical) pattern (This occurs when the roots of the characteristic equation are complex "6²-4ac < 0") ERMT Problem Paper 01 28°C Light rain || || 3 hpConsider an economy called Xanadu for which desired aggregate consumptiondepends on income, Y. and the real interest rate, r, according toCd =100+0.7Y - 200r.Xanadu's GDP is Y = 1000 and government spending on goods and services is G=180. Xanadu's desired future capital stock is given byK* = 140 - 100ucwhere luCdenotes the user-cost of capital. The price of capital is PK =2, thephysical depreciation rate is d =0.1 and the existing capital stock is K0= 50. Trapital stock between any period t and the following period t+1 evolves accordng toKt+1 = It+(1-d)Kt where It the level of investment. Assume throughout that net factor payments from abroad (NFP) is equal to zero.Suppose instead that Xanadu is a small open economy facing a world interest rate of 1%. It follows that Xanadu's current account position is equal toA) -16B) -51C) -6D) -8The long run macroeconomic performance of an economy can be reflectedfrom the changes of her major macroeconomic indicators. With appropriateinterpretations of the changes to these indicators, one can identify the inherentstructural features of an economy, and hence, identify her strengths andweaknesses. In about 250 words, write a short essay on ONE economy from the list below:i. Singapore;ii. The United Kingdom;iii. The United States.In your essay, describe the changes of major macroeconomic indicators fromthe last decade. Using them to illustrate major structural features of the choseneconomy. Based on the above, identify ONE inherent problem implied bythese structural features that might limit her macroeconomic performance inthe long run. Suggest ONE practical government policy in dealing with thisinherent problem.
- QUESTION 2 Consider the closed-economy market-clearing model. Assume that the marginal propensity to consume is 0.8. Tax revenue decreases by $5 billion, while output and government spending remain the same (a) Calculate the dollar change in consumption. (b) Calculate the dollar change in national saving. (c) Does the equilibrium real interest rate increase, decrease, or stay the same? n toolhar nress ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).Consider the following model of an economy operating with fixed wages, prices and interest rates and hasexcess capacity. Adsume all figures are I Zambian kwacha. C=100+0.8yd, T=100+25Y, G=980 and I= 500 Where c is consumption, yd is disposable income, T is taxes net of transformers, G is government spending on goods and services and I is investments. A. Calculate the equilibrium level of national income B. Illustrate your equilibrium in the keyneasian cross diagran C. What is the value of the multiplier D. Is governnent running a surplus or a deficit E. Show the impact of a reduction in government spending by 80 on the equilibrium level of national income F. Illustrate your new equilibrium in the same Keynesian cross diagram as in b.I have to analyze, using the IS-LM model, the macroeconomiceffects of an increase in savings in the short term and its implications for long-term growth. Specifically, I have to suppose that households (consumers) lose confidence and start saving more for any level of disposable income. Can you plase answer the following question (using graphs where possible): In terms of total savings and, therefore, of potential long-term growth, is a flat LM curve or a positive sloping LM curve better?
- Consider a one-period economy which experiences the destruction of some of the nation’s capital stock (say through a hurricane is de- stroyed). How should this effect equilibrium, consumption, output and labor supply? Now, let’s say the government tries to offset some of the declines in capital on output and hours worked by increasing govern- ment spending. What is the likely outcome of this policy intervention in terms of consumption? In our model, the affects of changes on wages are ambiguous because the income and substitution effects move in opposite directions. How do (many) macroeconomists deal with this ambiguity in terms of study- ing business cycle? How do economists resolve this ambiguity when studying long term economic development? Consider an economy with a straight line PPF. Show how an increase in government spending paid for by an increase in lump sum labor taxes affects outcomes. Do the same for an increase in government spending financed by a proportional income…I have to analyze, using the IS-LM model, the macroeconomiceffects of an increase in savings in the short term and its implications for long-term growth. Specifically, I have to suppose that households (consumers) lose confidence and start saving more for any level of disposable income. Can you plase answer the following question (using graphs too): In terms of total savings and, therefore, of potential long-term growth, is a flat LM curve or a positive sloping LM curve better?Desired Aggregte Expendture Next question Reter to the graph to the right. A fal in the domestic prnce level private sector wealth This leads to a Desired Aggregate Expenditure and the Price Level in desired consumption, and shift in the AE curve. AEY Similarty, a roe in the domestic price level makes Canadan goods more expensive, resultingi aht in the shift in the AE curve net expont function, which causes AF Use the line drawing tool to show and label the effect of a fal in the domestic price level on the AE unction Camhuly follow the instructions above, and only draw the required object Real GOP
- If consumption is C=100+0.75Yd Taxes is T=50+0.5Y Export is X=200 Import is M=50+0.25Y Government spending is G=150 Investment is I=200 Usethemultiplierapplicabletoexport,toexplainhowa100–billiondeclineindemand forexportcouldaffecttheeconomy’s: (i) BalanceofpaymentWrite out the equation for desired national savings. What changesto desired national saving and desired national consumption happen whengovernment spending increases, funded by an increase in taxes? Why doesconsumption change by less than G?In each of the following cases, determine whether the IScurve shifts to the right or left, does not shift, or is indeterminate in the direction of shift.a. The real interest rate rises.b. The marginal propensity to consume declines.c. Financial frictions increase.d. Autonomous consumption decreases.e. Both taxes and government spending decrease by thesame amount.f. The sensitivity of net exports to changes in the realinterest rate decreases.g. The government provides tax incentives for researchand development programs for firms