Debt (riskless) MV (£'000) 4,000 Required Return (%) 5 15 Equity 16,000 The corporation tax rate is 25%. There is no time lag between taxable flows and the tax payments or receipts arising from those flows. Assume the required return on the market portfolio is 15% and the risk-free rate is 5%. Ignore income tax. Required: Evaluate how the change of capital structure affects the company value and dividends. You should clearly specify your choice of gearing model and comment on how different models/assumptions made would/would not affect
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- Light Speed plc requires £2,000,000 to fund a new project. The firm expects to earn an EBIT of £250,000 p.a. in perpetuity. Assume the project does not affect the operating risk of the company. The company intends to finance the project by issuing £1 millions of 5% debentures at par and £1 million’s worth of ordinary shares. The current capital structure of the company is as follows: MV (£’000) Required Return (%) Debt (riskless) 4,000 5 Equity 16,000 15 The corporation tax rate is 25%. There is no time lag between taxable flows and the tax payments or receipts arising from those flows. Assume the required return on the market portfolio is 15% and the risk-free rate is 5%. Ignore income tax. Evaluate how the change of capital structure affects the company value and dividends.National Co. make these assumptions for valuation purposes:a. The firm consists of a single asset that will generate pretax net cash flows of P3,000,000 per year forever.b. The income tax rate is 25%.c. After making debt service payments and paying taxes, the firm pays dividends to distribute any remaining cash flows to the equity shareholders each year.d. The equity shareholders finance a portion of the investment in the asset with P60,000,000 of equity capital. (Equity ratio = 6/10 = 60%)e. The firm finances the remainder of the asset using P40,000,000 of debt capital. (Debt ratio = 40% = 4/10)f. This amount of debt in the firm’s capital structure does not alter substantially the risk of the firm to the equity investors, so they continue to require a 12% rate of return.g. The debt is issued at par, and it is less risky than equity; so the debt-holders demand interest of only 7% each year, payable at the end of each year.h. Interest expense is deductible for income tax…National Co. make these assumptions for valuation purposes:a. The firm consists of a single asset that will generate pretax net cash flows of P3,000,000 per year forever.b. The income tax rate is 25%.c. After making paying taxes, the firm pays dividends to distribute any remaining cash flows to the equity shareholders each year.d. Equity shareholders have financed the asset entirely with P100,000,000 of equity capital.e. The cost of equity capital is 12%.Compute for the value of the firm to the shareholders using dividend discount model?
- National Co. make these assumptions for valuation purposes:a. The firm consists of a single asset that will generate pretax net cash flows of P3,000,000 per year forever.b. The income tax rate is 25%.c. After making debt service payments and paying taxes, the firm pays dividends to distribute any remaining cash flows to the equity shareholders each year.d. The equity shareholders finance a portion of the investment in the asset with P60,000,000 of equity capital. (Equity ratio = 6/10 = 60%)e. The firm finances the remainder of the asset using P40,000,000 of debt capital. (Debt ratio = 40% = 4/10)f. This amount of debt in the firm’s capital structure does not alter substantially the risk of the firm to the equity investors, so they continue to require a 12% rate of return.g. The debt is issued at par, and it is less risky than equity; so the debt-holders demand interest of only 7% each year, payable at the end of each year.h. Interest expense is deductible for income tax purposes 1.…Bakery co. make these assumptions for valuation purposes: a. The firm consists of a single asset that will generate pretax net cash flows of P3,000,000 per year forever. b. The income tax rate is 25%. c. After making paying taxes, the firm pays dividends to distribute any remaining cash flows to the equity shareholders each year. d. Equity shareholders have financed the asset entirely with P100,000,000 of equity capital. e. The cost of equity capital is 12%. 1. Compute for the dividend amount each year to the shareholders. 2. Compute for the dividend amount each year to the shareholders.Tech Corp had gross sales of $9 million and total ex- of $8.5 million. Assume that Tech wants to penses undertake a capital investment of $1 million. What is the minimum amount of bonds it would have to issue to do so? Assume that Tech pays out $300,000 in dividends. Now what is the minimum amount it would have to borrow?
- Neverlever, Inc. Is trying to decide how best to finance a proposed P10 million capital investment. Under Plan A, the project will be financed entirely with long term 9% bonds. The firm currently has no debt or preferred stock. Under Plan B, common stock will be sold to net the firm P20.00 per share; presently one (1) million shares are outstanding. The corporate tax rate is 25%. The company is expected to have an EBIT amounting to P3.0M. Required: 1. What will be the firm’s ROE next year if the firm issues new common stock? 2. What will be the firm’s ROE next year if the firm issues 9% bonded indebtedness?Firms A and B are identical except for their capital structure: A is fully equity financed, while B carries £50m of debt on which it pays 5% interest. Both firms are projected to generate annual cash flows of £10m in perpetuity. A's cost of capital is 10%. Assume perfect capital markets and no taxes. In the absence of arbitrage opportunities, what is the value of firm B's equity and its cost of equity capital? £100m and 10% £50m and 15% £150m and 10% £100m and 5%2. A company has share capital of Kshs 20 million and is planning to invest an additional fund of Kshs 16,000,000 towards its expansion programme. Suggest the best option from the following, from a tax point of view: 1. To issue share capital of Kshs 16,000,000. 2. To borrow Kshs 4,000,000 @ 18% pa and to issue debentures of Kshs 4,000,000 @ 11% pa and the balance amount be collected by issuing shares in the public. 3. To issue debentures for Kshs 10,000,000 @ 11% pa and the balance be collected by issuing shares in the public. 4. Rate of return is 30% before paying any interest and tax. Rate of tax is 30%
- A certain company must raise SR 220 million to fund its next project. 25% of the funds will come from a bank loan, which is charging 6.5%. 45% of the funds will come from issuing corporate bonds, at a rate of 4.5%. The remaining funds will be raised by selling preferred stock, with a promise of dividend payments of 7.8%. WACC:KMS corporation has assets of $650 million, $130 million of which are cash. It has debt of $162.5 million. Suppose that KMS decides to initiate a dividend, but it wants the present value of payout to be $65 million. If its cost of equity capital is 10.7%, to what amount per year in perpetuity should it commit (assuming perfect capital market)? KMS should commit to $ million per year. (Round to two decimal places.)Consider a firm that is currently all-equity financed. The firm produces a perpetual EBIT of $100m per annum and has an all-equity cost of capital (required return on equity) of 10 per cent. The corporate tax rate is 30 per cent, and the interest rate on debt is 3 per cent. The company is to be acquired under a LBO, under which an initial level of debt of $500m will be taken on, with repayment of $100m per year and interest on the principal at the end of each of years 1, 2, and 3. A level of debt of $200m will then be maintained in perpetuity. a. Calculate the present value of interest tax shield, you may assume that you can discount any debt-related cash flows at the cost of debt. b. Calculate the value of the firm before LBO c. Calculate the value of the firm following LBO using the APV method