Explain three functionally distinct compartments in drug absorption 1.intracellular compartment 2.plasma compartment 3.interstitial compartment
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- Apart from simple diffusion, suggest TWO ways how do drugs pass through the cell membrane and the properties of the drugs that is suitable for that way.Explain the term first-pass eject or hepatic metabolism of the drug. What effect does first-pass have on drug bioavailability and activity?List all the possible modes of entry of the drug to the target cell membranes.
- Briefly explain this statement -"Therapeutic drug monitoring of Warfarin" Please explain at your own words(500-600 words appropriately).27. In a life-threatening situation when a therapeutic concentration of a drug is needed immediately, which of the following is the best means for choosing the loading dose? A) Bolus of five times the maintenance dose B) Infusion at five times the normal maintenance rate for 1 half-life C) Maintenance dose times body weight D) Maintenance doses with the dose interval equal to the half-life E) Steady-state plasma concentration times the volume of distributionA70-year-old woman with a long history of systemic lupus erythematosus has been receiving prednisone for the past 3 months. She also has been receiving captopril to treat her hypertension. Which of the following laboratory results would be evident in this patient? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? a. Hyperglycemia b. Hyponatremia c. Hypercalcemia d. Hypocholesterolemia e. Hypokalemia
- Which of the following statements concerning drug delivery system is INCORRECT?* A.Drugs with good aqueous solubility are good for controlled release formulation. B.The delay-released form is also called extended release form. C.Absorption rate is higher in compressed tablets than that in capsules. D.Drug core with polymer membrane coating belongs to diffusion sustained system. E.Disintegration and dissolution can occur at the same time.Briefly explain this statement -"Therapeutic drug monitoring of Warfarin" Please answer at your own words.Describe the enzymatic reaction of the protein epidermal growth factor. Include the specific reaction catalyzed by the protein. Enzymatic reaction is a physiologically relevant biochemical stimulus for the temporal and spatial control of drug release because: (1) the overexpression of specific enzymes is localized at diseased tissues.
- Briefly explain the therapeutic drug monitoring of Warfarin? Please explain at your own words.Mrs. Anderson, a 45-year-old woman with a history of chronic back pain, has been taking X as prescribed by her rheumatologist for the past eight months. During a routine check-up, her liver function tests revealed significantly elevated liver enzymes. She has not experienced any noticeable symptoms but is now being closely monitored for potential liver-related issues. 1. Define the concept of signal detection in pharmacoepidemiology and explain its role in identifying potential adverse drug reactions. Discuss the importance of signal detection in ensuring the safety of pharmaceutical products in the post-marketing phase. 2. Propose a pharmacoepidemiological study design to confirm or refute the signal of hepatotoxicity associated with X. Consider factors such as study population, exposure definition, and outcome measures. Discuss the strengths and limitations of your chosen study design. 3. Outline the methods and data sources that could be used to collect information on…What is the corresponding schedule for each of these drugs? a. Codeine at concentration of 10mg/mL (oral liquid) b. Codeine at concentration of 2mg/mL (orgal liquide)