College Physics 1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
1 Introduction: The Nature Of Science And Physics 2 Kinematics 3 Two-dimensional Kinematics 4 Dynamics: Force And Newton's Laws Of Motion 5 Further Applications Of Newton's Laws: Friction, Drag, And Elasticity 6 Uniform Circular Motion And Gravitation 7 Work, Energy, And Energy Resources 8 Linear Momentum And Collisions 9 Statics And Torque 10 Rotational Motion And Angular Momentum 11 Fluid Statics 12 Fluid Dynamics And Its Biological And Medical Applications 13 Temperature, Kinetic Theory, And The Gas Laws 14 Heat And Heat Transfer Methods 15 Thermodynamics 16 Oscillatory Motion And Waves 17 Physics Of Hearing 18 Electric Charge And Electric Field 19 Electric Potential And Electric Field 20 Electric Current, Resistance, And Ohm's Law 21 Circuits And Dc Instruments 22 Magnetism 23 Electromagnetic Induction, Ac Circuits, And Electrical Technologies 24 Electromagnetic Waves 25 Geometric Optics 26 Vision And Optical Instruments 27 Wave Optics 28 Special Relativity 29 Introduction To Quantum Physics 30 Atomic Physics 31 Radioactivity And Nuclear Physics 32 Medical Applications Of Nuclear Physics 33 Particle Physics 34 Frontiers Of Physics Chapter31: Radioactivity And Nuclear Physics
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1CQ: Suppose the range for 5.0 MeVa ray is known to be 2.0 mm in a certain material. Does this mean that... Problem 2CQ: What is the difference between (rays and characteristic x rays? Is either necessarily more energetic... Problem 3CQ: Ionizing radiation interacts with matter by scattering from electrons and nuclei in the substance.... Problem 4CQ: What characteristics of radioactivity show it to be nuclear in origin and not atomic? Problem 5CQ: What is the source of the energy emitted in radioactive decay? Identify an earlier conservation law,... Problem 6CQ: Consider Figure 31.3. If an electric field is substituted for the magnetic field with positive... Problem 7CQ: Explain how an (particle can have a larger range in air than a (particle with the same energy in... Problem 8CQ: Arrange the following according to their ability to act as radiation shields, with the best first... Problem 9CQ: Often, when people have to work around radioactive materials spills, we see them wearing white... Problem 10CQ: Is it possible for light emitted by a scintillator to be too low in frequency to be used in a... Problem 11CQ: The weak and strong nuclear forces are basic to the structure of matter. Why we do not experience... Problem 12CQ: Define and make clear distinctions between the terms neutron, nucleon, nucleus, nuclide, and... Problem 13CQ: What are isotopes? Why do different isotopes of the same element have similar chemistries? Problem 14CQ: Star Trek fans have often heard the term “antimatter drive.” Describe how you could use a magnetic... Problem 15CQ: What conservation law requires an electron’s neutrino to be produced in electron capture? Note that... Problem 16CQ: Neutrinos are experimentally determined to have an extremer small mass. Huge numbers of neutrinos... Problem 17CQ: What do the three types of beta decay have in common that is distinctly different from alpha decay? Problem 18CQ: In a 3109 yearold rock that originally contained some 238U, which has a halflife of 4.5109 years, we... Problem 19CQ: Does the number of radioactive nuclei in a sample decrease to exactly half its original value in one... Problem 20CQ: Radioactivity depends on the nucleus and not the atom or its chemical state. Why, then, is one... Problem 21CQ: Explain how a bound system can have less mass than its components. Why is this not observed... Problem 22CQ: Spontaneous radioactive decay occurs only when the decay products have less mass than the parent,... Problem 23CQ: To obtain the most precise value of BE from the equation BE=[ZM(1H)+Nmn]c2m(AX)c2, we should take... Problem 24CQ: How does the finite range of the nuclear force relate to the fact that BE/A is greatest for A new... Problem 25CQ: Why is the number of neutrons greater than the number of protons in stable nuclei having A greater... Problem 26CQ: A physics student caught breaking conservation laws is imprisoned. She leans against the cell wall... Problem 27CQ: When a nucleus (decays, does the (particle move continuously from inside the nucleus to outside?... Problem 1PE: The energy of 30.0 eV is required to ionize a molecule of the gas inside a Geiger tube, thereby... Problem 2PE: A particle of ionizing radiation creates 4000 ion pairs in the gas inside a Geiger tube as it passes... Problem 3PE: (a) Repeat Exercise 31.2, and convert the energy to joules or calories. (b) If all of this energy is... Problem 4PE: Suppose a particle of ionizing radiation deposits 1.0 MeV in the gas of a Geiger tube, all of which... Problem 5PE: Verify that a 2.31017kg mass of water at normal density would make a cube 60 km on a side, as... Problem 6PE: Find the length of a side of a cube having a mass of 1.0 kg and the density of nuclear matter,... Problem 7PE: What is the radius of an (particle? Problem 8PE: Find the radius of a 238Pu nucleus. 238Pu is a manufactured nuclide that is used as a power source... Problem 9PE: (a) Calculate the radius of 58Ni, one of the most tightly bound stable nuclei. (b) What is the ratio... Problem 10PE: The unified atomic mass unit is defined to be 1u=1.66051027kg. Verify that this amount of mass... Problem 11PE: What is the ratio of the velocity of a (particle to that of an (particle, if they have the same... Problem 12PE: If a 1.50cmthick piece of lead can absorb 90.0% of the rays from a radioactive source, how many... Problem 13PE: The detail observable using a probe is limited by its wavelength. Calculate the energy of a (ray... Problem 14PE: (a) Show that if you assume the average nucleus is spherical with a radius r=r0A1/3, and with a mass... Problem 15PE: What is the radio of the velocity of a 5.00MeV (ray to that of an (panicle with the same kinetic... Problem 16PE: (a) What is the kinetic energy in MeV of a ray that is traveling at 0.998c? This gives some idea of... Problem 17PE: In the following eight problems, write the complete decay equation for the given nuclide in the... Problem 18PE: In the following eight problems, write the complete decay equation for the given nuclide in the... Problem 19PE: In the following eight problems, write the complete decay equation for the given nuclide in the... Problem 20PE: In the following eight problems, write the complete decay equation for the given nuclide in the... Problem 21PE: In the following eight problems, write the complete decay equation for the given nuclide in the... Problem 22PE: In the following eight problems, write the complete decay equation for the given nuclide in the... Problem 23PE: In the following eight problems, write the complete decay equation for the given nuclide in the... Problem 24PE: In the following eight problems, write the complete decay equation for the given nuclide in the... Problem 25PE: decay producing 137Ba. The parent nuclide is a major waste product of reactors and has chemistry... Problem 26PE: ( decay producing 90Y. The parent nuclide is a major waste product of reactors and has chemistry... Problem 27PE: decay producing 228Ra. The parent nuclide is nearly 100% of the natural element and is found in gas... Problem 28PE: decay producing 208Pb. The parent nuclide is in the decay series produced by 232Th. The only... Problem 29PE: When an electron and position annihilate, both their masses are destroyed, creating two equal energy... Problem 30PE: Confirm That charge, electron family number, and the total number at nucleons are all conserved by... Problem 31PE: Confirm that charge, electron family number, and the total number of nucleons are all conserved by... Problem 32PE: Confirm that charge, electron family number, and the total number of nucleons are all conserved by... Problem 33PE: Confirm that charge, electron family number, and the total number of nucleons are all conserved by... Problem 34PE: A rare decay mode has been observed in which 222Ra emits a 14C nucleus. (a) The decay equation is... Problem 35PE: (a) Write the complete a decay equation for 226Ra. (b) Find the energy released in the decay. Problem 36PE: (a) Write the complete a decay equation for 249Cf. (b) Find the energy released in the decay. Problem 37PE: (a) Write the complete decay equation for the neutron. (b) Find the energy released in the decay. Problem 38PE: (a) Write the complete decay equation for 90Sr, a major waste product of nuclear reactors. (b)... Problem 39PE: Calculate the energy released in the + decay of 22Na, the equation for which is given in the text.... Problem 40PE: (a) Write the complete + decay equation for llC. (b) Calculate the energy released in the decay.... Problem 41PE: (a) Calculate the energy released in the a decay of 238U. (b) What fraction of the mass at a single... Problem 42PE: (a) Write the complete reaction equation for electron capture by 7Be. (b) Calculate the energy... Problem 43PE: (a) Write the complete reaction equation for electron capture by 15. (b) Calculate the energy... Problem 44PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. 44. An old camp?re... Problem 45PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. A 60Co source is... Problem 46PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. (a) Calculate the... Problem 47PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. Show that the... Problem 48PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. Mantles for gas... Problem 49PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. Cow's milk... Problem 50PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. (a) Natural... Problem 51PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. There is more than... Problem 52PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. 50V has one of the... Problem 53PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. 53. You can... Problem 54PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. A tree falls in a... Problem 55PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. What fraction of... Problem 56PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. A 5000Ci 60Co... Problem 57PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. Natural uranium is... Problem 58PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. 58. The ... Problem 59PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. 59. World War II... Problem 60PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. (a) The 210Po... Problem 61PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. Armorpiercing... Problem 62PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. The ceramic glaze... Problem 63PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. Large amounts of... Problem 64PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. The Galilee space... Problem 65PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. Construct Your Own... Problem 66PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. Unreasonable... Problem 67PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. Unreasonable... Problem 68PE: Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. Unreasonable... Problem 69PE: 2H is a loosely hound isotope of hydrogen. Called deuterium or heavy hydrogen, it is stable but... Problem 70PE: 56Feis among the most tightly bound of all nuclides. It is more than 90% of natural iron. Note that... Problem 71PE: 209Bi is the heaviest stable nuclide, and its BE/A is low compared with mediummass nuclides.... Problem 72PE: (a) Calculate BE/A for 235U, the rarer of the two most common uranium isotopes. (b) Calculate BE/A... Problem 73PE: (a) Calculate BE/A for 12C. Stable and relatively tightly bound, this nuclide is most of natural... Problem 74PE: The fact that BE/A is greatest for A near 60 implies that the range at the nuclear force is about... Problem 75PE: The purpose of this problem is to show in three ways that the binding energy at the election in a... Problem 76PE: Unreasonable Results A particle physicist discovers a neutral particle with a mass at 2.02733 u that... Problem 77PE: Derive an approximate relationship between the energy of (decay and halflife using the following... Problem 78PE: Integrated Concepts A 2.00T magnetic ?eld is applied perpendicular to the path of charged particles... Problem 79PE: (a) Write the decay equation for the decay of 235U. (b) What energy is released in this decay? The... Problem 80PE: Unreasonable Results The relatively scarce naturally occurring calcium isotope 48Ca has a halflife... Problem 81PE: Unreasonable Results A physicist scatters (rays from a substance and sees evidence of a nucleus... Problem 82PE: Unreasonable Results A frazzled theoretical physicist reckons that all conservation laws are obeyed... Problem 83PE: Construct Your Own Problem Consider the decay of radioactive substances in the Earth's interior. The... Problem 16PE: (a) What is the kinetic energy in MeV of a ray that is traveling at 0.998c? This gives some idea of...
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Concept explainers
For the following reaction, what is the energy released, in GJ/mol? (1 GJ = 1E9 J)
Use 2.998E8 m/s as the speed of light
1 a m u has a mass of 1.6605E-27 kg
A + B → C + D
A
B
C
D
mass (amu)
3.1706
6.3211
4.1531
5.1703
Definition Definition Rate at which light travels, measured in a vacuum. The speed of light is a universal physical constant used in many areas of physics, most commonly denoted by the letter c . The value of the speed of light c = 299,792,458 m/s, but for most of the calculations, the value of the speed of light is approximated as c = 3 x 10 8 m/s.
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