8 Glycolysis is the process by which energy is harvested from glucose by living things. Several of the reactions of glycolysis arethermodynamically unfavorable (nonspontaneous), but proceed when they are coupled with other reactions.P; + glucose →→→ glucose-6-phosphate + H₂O AG = 13.8 kJ/molP₁ + fructose-6-phosphate →→→ fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + H₂O AG = 16.3 kJ/molReaction A:Reaction B:Reaction C: ATP + H₂O → ADP + P₁ AG = -30.5 kJ/molSelect every unfavorable reaction.reaction Creaction Areaction BSelect every set of coupled reactions where the overall reaction is favorable.reactions A and Creactions B and Creactions A and BWhat is the net change in free energy if one set of reactions from the previous question is coupled so that the overall reaction isfavorable?Note that if you selected more than one set of coupled reactions as favorable in the previous question, you may enter the netchange for any one of your selected sets.AG =kJ/mol

Consider 2 reactions; reaction T and reaction V. Suppose reaction T has a value of 'x' and reaction…

Answered: Glycolysis is the process by which…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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The enzyme aldolase catalyzes the reaction shown in the glycolytic pathway: Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate dihydroxyacetone phosphate + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate The AG" for the reaction is +23.8 kJ mol¯¹ (+5.7 kcal mol−¹), whereas the AG in the cell is −1.3 kJ mol¯¹ (−0.3 kcal mol¯¹). Calculate the ratio of products to reactants under standard (equilibrium) conditions at 37°C. [products] [reactants] 7 x10-5 [products] [reactants] Incorrect Aldolase ===== Calculate the ratio of products to reactants under intracellular conditions at 37°C. 4 ×10-5 Incorrect Complete the statement using your results. under standard conditions under intracellular conditions A reaction that is endergonic under standard conditions can be converted into an exergonic reaction by maintaining the ratio of products to reactants below the equilibrium value.
In the degradation of glycogen, the purpose of the debranching enzyme is to remove the last four glucose molecules from branches structure of glycogen. It does this by catalyzing three different reactions. Use the equations below to answer parts a-c. Synthesis of α(1,6) link ΔG = +7.1 kJ Hydrolysis of α(1,4) link ΔG = ─15.5 kJ a)What are the three chemical reactions performed during the removal of the last four glucose molecules of the branching structure of glycogen? b) Calculate ΔG for each of the three reactions described in part a. c) Now calculate the overall energy change for the net reaction carried out by this enzyme. d) Why is this reaction favorable?
The final step in the pathway for the synthesis of glucose from lactate (gluconeogenesis) is: Glucose-6-phosphate + H20 5 Glucose + Pi When glucose-6-phosphate is incubated with the proper enzyme and the reaction runs until equilibrium has been reached, the final concentrations are found to be: glucose-6-phosphate (0.035 mM), glucose (100 mM), and Pi (100 mM). Calculate AG" at 25°C and pH 7. 10:21 PM 4/21/2021 F5 F6 F7 F8 F10 F9 7 8. Backspace ーの
The glucose/glucose-6-phosphate substrate cycle involves distinct reactions of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis that interconvert these two metabolites. Assume that under physiological conditions, [ATP] = [ADP]; [P;] = 1 mM. Consider the glycolytic reaction catalyzed by hexokinase: ATP + glucose ADP + glucose-6-phosphate AG = - 16.7 kJ/mol (a) Calculate the equilibrium constant (K) for this reaction at 298°K, and from that, calculate the maximum [glucose-6-phosphate]/ Iglucose] ratio that would exist under conditions where the reaction is still thermodynamically favorable. (b) Reversal of this interconversion in gluconeogenesis is catalyzed by glucose-6-phosphatase: glucose-6-phosphate + H20 = glucose + P AG" = -13.8 kJ/mol
In biological systems, enzymes are used to accelerate the rates of certain bio- logical reactions. Glucoamylase is an enzyme that aids in the conversion of starch to glucose (a sugar that cells use for energy). Experiments show that 1 pg mol of glucoamylase in a 4% starch solution results in a production rate of glucose of 0.6 ug mol/(mL)(min). Determine the production rate of glucose for this system in the units of Ib mol/(ft³)(day). Ibmol Answer: 0.0639 ft day True False
The table lists the standard free energies (AG°') of hydrolysis of some phosphorylated compounds. Compound Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) Creatine phosphate ATP (to ADP) Glucose 1-phosphate Pyrophosphate (PP;) Glucose 6-phosphate Glycerol 3-phosphate kJ mol-¹ -61.9 -49.4 -43.1 -30.5 -20.9 -19.3 -13.8 -9.2 kcal mol-1 -14.8 -11.8 -10.3 -7.3 -5.0 -4.6 -3.3 -2.2
The protein catalase is an enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide:2 H2O2 (aq) → 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)and has a Michaelis-Menten constant of 25 × 10-3 mol·dm-3 and a turnover number of 4.0×107s-1.The total enzyme concentration is 0.016×10-6 mol·dm-3 and the initial substrate concentration is4.32×10-6 mol·dm-3 Calculate the maximum reaction rate (????) for this enzyme, and the initial rateof this reaction. Note that catalase has a single active site.
Myristoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid found in small amounts in a variety of foods. Calculate the net ATP yield from the complete β-oxidation of myristoleic acid. The formula of myristoleic acid is shown below (it is assumed that the total ATP production is the same for both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having the same carbon chain length). CH3-(CH2)3-CHCH-(CH2)7-COOH (Given: The oxidation of one NADH yields 2.5 ATP; the oxidation of one FADH2 yields 1.5 ATP; and the oxidation of one acetyl CoA yields 10 ATP. ) Group of answer choices a. 96 ATP b. 92 ATP c. 94 ATP d. 34 ATP e. 36 ATP
The degradation of glycogen is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphorylase and has AGO" equal to +3.1 kJ · mol1. The equation for this reaction is shown below. glycogen (n residues) + P;→ glycogen (n-1 residues) + G1P What is the ratio of [P;]/[G1P] under standard conditions? Use 2 significant figures. [P;] : [G1P] = i :1 What is the value of AG under cellular conditions when the [P;/[G1P] ratio is 50/1? Use 2 significant figures. AG = i kJ. mol-1
A glycolytic intermediate may be used to make the glycerol 3-phosphate necessary for the production of glycerophospholipids. For this conversion, provide a reaction sequence.
The hydrolysis of sucrose has the following data. Time (min) 0 30 60 90 130 180 [Sucrose] (M) 0.5011 0.4511 0.4038 0.3626 0.3148 0.2674 Sucrose + H₂O → glucose + fructose Unistanit. Determine the half-life. (Use the order from a.) You will need to take into account the order!
Consider the following list of phosphorylated compounds with their free energy changes of phosphate hydrolysis: Glucose-1-phosphate (-5.0 kcal/mol), PEP (-14.8 kcal/mole), 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (-11.8 kcal/mole) and Glucose-6-Phosphate (-3.3 kcal/mol). Given that the free energy change of ATP hydrolysis is -7.3 kcal/mole, which of these molecules be directly synthesized by the transfer of a phospho- group from ATP? 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate Glucose-6-phosphate All of those phosphorylated compounds. PEP Glucose-1-phosphate

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