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1. How do we say when a culture is properly cryopresevred? Discuss is comprehensively.
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- 1. Why do we usually dilute cells before counting them in a hemocytometer?2. Describe how a biosafety cabinet provides protection for the product, environment, and yourself.3. Why are the cells grown in a CO2 incubator?1.What are the limitations of using an agar disk diffusion assay to assess the effectiveness of an antiseptic, disinfectant, or, in this case, a biological control agent on the growth of bacteria of interest? 2.LAB produce organic acids that have shown to be effective against controlling the growth of foodborne pathogens. What specific organic acid is produced by LAB during fermentation? 3.What is the logical next step to validate the efficacy of the biological control agent?2. You use tubes to test aerotolerance of bacteria. From your samples you have 3 results: A. Bacteria growing on the surface. B. Bacteria growing throughout the tube, the agar shows cracks. C. Bacteria growing about 5 mm below the surface. Please interpret each bacterial result. (Give the bacteria an oxygen classification, explain what classification means and interpret the cracks in the agar.) 3. Please explain how the use of an Eosin Methylene Blue Agar plate can help determine the type of fermenters that bacteria are. Please explain thoroughly.
- 1. How is UV radiation a good type of control mechanism against microbial growth? Please explain what happens to the microbe and effects this control causes. 2. Suppose you do the Kirby-Bauer test on a hypothetical Staphylococcus species with penicillin and tetracycline. You record diameters of 20mm for tetracycline and 24mm for penicillin. Which antibiotic is most effective against this bacterium and why? Please explain and interpret these results.1. How is UV radiation a good type of control mechanism against microbial growth? Please explain what happens to the microbe and effects this control causes. 2. Suppose you do the Kirby-Bauer test on a hypothetical Staphylococcus species with penicillin and tetracycline. You record diameters of 20mm for tetracycline and 24mm for penicillin. Which antibiotic is most effective against this bacterium and why? Please explain and interpret these results. 3. Please provide the scientific name of your microbe that was used in the UV experiment (i.e. S. aureus). Compare your plates and interpret/analyze your results. Please discuss your findings and any patterns you were able to gather. 4. After performing the “Effects of Antiseptics & Disinfectants” lab which agent(s) showed potential to control S. marcescens growth? P. aeruginosa? Please explain why you believe these agent(s) work. 5. What purpose does water serve in the “Effects of Antiseptics & Disinfectants” lab? What did you…What is the BEST glassware that could be used to hold the agar powder while weighing? After 24 hours, growth can be seen from your plates. If you want to put dyes on your sample, what rack is used?
- 9. Which is statement below is the correct definition of the Sterility Assurance Limit (SAL). Select ONE answer. O The Sterility Assurance Limit (SAL) is a numerical value that predicts the probability that a microorganism has survived a pasturization process. O The Sterility Assurance Limit (SAL) is a numerical value that confirms that a microorganism has survived a sterilisation process. O The Sterility Assurance Limit (SAL) is a numerical value that predicts the probability thaț a microorganism has survived a sterilisation process. O The Sterility Assurance Limit (SAL) is a numerical value that confirms that a microorganism has survived a pasturization process. O The Sterility Assurance Limit (SAL) is a numerical value that predicts the probability that a microorganism has been erradicated during a sterilisation process. A certain medium has the following composition: Glucose 15 g Yeast extract 5 g Peptone 5 g KH2PO4 2 g Distilled water 1,000 ml Tell what chemical category this medium belongs to, and explain why this is true. How could you convert Staphylococcus medium (table 3.6A) into a nonsynthetic medium? a. Name four categories that blood agar fits. Alpha hemolysis Beta hemolysis Gamma Alpha prime Name four differential reactions that TSIA shows. Observe figure 3.15. Suggest what causes the difference in growth pattern between nonmotile and motile bacteria. Explain what a medium that is both selective and differential does, using figure 3.18. a. What kind of medium might you make to selectively grow a bacterium that lives in the ocean? MSA Mannitol salt agar One that lives in the human stomach? Why are intestinal bacteria able to grow…19. Does a compensatory pause always follow a PVC? Explain.
- 4. After incubation of the mating mixture for 1 hour, prepare a serial dilution of the mating mixture in sterile saline (to 103). As described in step 2, clearly label each of the double selective agar plates (i.e. (i) Nutrient agar+ Ap + Rif, (ii) Nutrient agar+ Sm + Rif) AND iii) the Nutrient agar + Ap + Sm + Rif plate. Spot inoculate 3 x 10 µl drops of the undiluted, 10-1, 10-2 and 10-3 dilutions of the mating mix onto quadrants of each of these plates. • What is the purpose of this step?2. Your groupmate's agar shake showed uniform turbidity throughout the tube, with no thicker growth at top and no cracks or gaps in the agar. What can they conclude about their unknown bacteria? Mark all that are true based just on this test: (select all that apply) a. The bacteria can NOT aerobically respire. b. The bacteria can ferment glucose. c. The bacteria does NOT produce gas byproducts from fermentation. d. The bacteria does NOT produce acid byproducts from fermentation. e. The bacteria can anaerobically respire. f. The bacteria is aerotolerant..7a. A petri plate is given to you with 80 colonies on it. I tell you that I did five 10x dilutions and then plated 0.1 ml from my last tube to get 80 colonies on a plate. How many living bacteria per ml were in that original sample? Draw out (or describe) all of the dilutions I would have done to get this number. 7b. Again, I have a plate with 80 colonies on it, but I tell you that I did one 100x dilution and two 10x dilutions before I plated that 0.1ml from my last tube. How many living bacteria per ml were in that original sample? Draw out (or describe) all of the dilutions I would have done to get this number. please include drawings. thank you