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How does the body obtain most of the glucose it uses for energy?
a) From foods containing carbohydrate
b) From fat
c) From water
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- Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement or provide a brief explanation for why it is a) The presence of lipids in the diet slows down digestion in the b) Insulin increases the rate of glucose uptake by the c) Glucagon is the hormone that signals low blood glucose d) Chylomicrons carry TAGs from the diet into the e) During fasting and starvation the liver produces ketone bodies which fuel the heart and f) The muscles can use glucose, fatty acids and ketone bodies for g) When glucose enters the cell it is immediately and reversibly h) Epinephrine stimulates breakdown of glycogen in muscles when there is an immediate need for energy by muscle i) Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis to maintain the blood glucose j) With high [carbohydrate] levels, excess glucose (after glycogen storage has reached a maximum) is converted to fat, leading to high [malonyl-CoA]. k) Malonyl-CoA inhibits carnitine acyltransferase II , thus slowing…Which of the following statements regarding glucose is NOT true? a.)Glucose is a monosaccharide sugar b.)Glucose can be metabolized by both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism c.)The normal blood glucose concentration is 4-7 mmol/l d.)A high blood glucose concentration is called hypoglycemiaWhich of the following is a source of essential fatty acids that the body cannot produce on its own? a) Saturated fats b) Trans fats c) Monounsaturated fats d) Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids
- Which of the following statements is true about brain metabolism in starvation? a) The brain can use glucogenic amino acids for energy b) The brain can only use glucose as fuel c) Up to a quarter of energy requirement of the brain can come from fatty acids d) Up to a half of energy requirement of the brain can come from ketone bodiesIf no food is eaten for more than a few hours, which of the following provides a substrate for gluconeogenesis? Question 45 options: a) Functional body protein b) Stored fat c) Stored carbohydrate d) Stored proteinIncluding more of which nutritional element in the diet has been shown to decrease cholesterol levels and overall calorie consumption and moderate levels of blood glucose and blood pressure? A) simple sugars B) saturated fat C) fiber D) all of the above
- Vitamin D deficiency can often be found as a single nutrient deficiency, that is, in an otherwise well-nourished person. Which of the following is the most likely reason? Question 100 options: a) Most vitamin D in the body does not come from natural sources in food, so access to food is not an important determinant of vitamin D status b) The individual has decreased intrinsic factor in the stomach c) Diets containing sufficient nutrients to promote growth can increase the requirements for vitamin D d) The content of vitamin D in foods depends on the soil in which the food was grownFor a person with a balanced diet, proteins are essential to the body for all of the following except _____ a) production of some hormones b ) synthesis of clotting factors by the liver c ) oxidation and ATP synthesis e ) production of enzymes and antibodiesInsulin: A) Lowers the blood sugar B)  All these answers are correct C) Helps maintain homeostasis D) Facilitates cellular glucose uptake from the blood E) Is released during feasting or the absorptive state
- During fasting, the glycerol backbone of the triacylglycerol can be converted which of the following? a) Cholesterol b) Fatty Acids c) Glucose d) Bile Acids e) None of the aboveWhy are carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism so tightly linked? a) Amino acids are the primary fuel of the brain b) Amino acids can be used to make glucose c) Amino acids are used as intermediates in glycolysis d) Insulin regulates amino acid uptake21. The body is capable of catabolizing many substances as sources of energy. Which of the following would be used as an energy source only after the depletion of other sources and the person is yet not getting any external source of food? A) fat in adipose tissue B) glucose in the blood C) protein in muscle cells D) glycogen in muscle cells E) calcium phosphate in bone