If a liver extract capable of carrying out normal metabolic reactions (including gluconeogenesis) is incubated with labeled pyruvate labeled with carbon-13 at the carbonyl carbon atom (shown in red below), where would the label be found in glucose? Explain, including schemes of the reactions to support your answer. 13 H3C coo®
Q: Assume that the 2nd carbon atom of pyruvate is labeled with C14 and then the labeled pyruvate is…
A: Introduction : The term "metabolism" is directed to all the chemical reactions that occur in an…
Q: The glucose/glucose-6-phosphate substrate cycle involves distinct reactions of glycolysis and…
A: Hello. Since your question has multiple parts, we will solve the first question for you. If you want…
Q: . Consider the oxidation of the fatty acid with the common name arachidic acid. a. Draw the…
A: Arachidic acid is a 20 carbon saturated fatty acid. Beta oxidation is oxidation of fatty acid at…
Q: If 14CO2 (radioactive carbon) were incorporated into the TCA cycle via the Pyruvate Carboxylase…
A: Oxaloacetate, Citric Acid (or citrate), Isocitrate and alpha ketoglutarate will have the radioactive…
Q: Draw the Fischer projection of glucose and show its catabolism until it releases carbon dioxide via…
A: In order to track where every carbon of glucose went we use isotropic tracers experiments. Carbon of…
Q: What is the fate of the radioactive label when each of the following pairs of compounds is added to…
A: The citric acid cycle or Kreb's cycle is the second step of cellular respiration taking place in the…
Q: - [methyl-1“C]Pyruvate was administered to isolated liver cells in the presence of sufficient…
A: Introduction: Pyruvate is the end product of glycolytic pathway. The structure of pyruvate is:
Q: Write a balanced equation for the conversion of glycerol into pyruvate. Which enzymes are required…
A: Gluconeogenesis means the production of a glucose molecule from the non-carbohydrate substrate. The…
Q: What product is formed when dihydroxyacetone phosphate is reacted with NADH in the presence of the…
A: Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to…
Q: Consider the malate dehydrogenase reaction from the citric acid cycle. Given the listed…
A: The reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase is given below. Malate + NAD+ ⇌ Oxaloacetate +…
Q: Arrange the following molecules in order of their biological energy content per mole: glucose,…
A: Biological energy content of biomolecule is the amount of potential energy stored in the chemical…
Q: Identify and draw different types of organic reaction mechanisms in the following metabolic…
A: Hi! Thank you for posting the question on Bartleby. As per the guidelines we can answer only three…
Q: Before any oxidation can occur in the citric acid cycle, citrate must be isomerized into isocitrate.…
A: Glucose is broken down to form two molecules of pyruvate along with two ATP and two NADH molecules…
Q: Trace the pathway of [14C]bicarbonate through gluconeogenesis. Use an asterisk to indicate the…
A: Gluconeogenesis: this is essentially the opposite of glycolysis where pyruvate is converted back…
Q: Which of the following reactions is reversible and irreversible? Why? a. Pyruvate +…
A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first three sub-parts…
Q: Write the chemical equation for the conversion of 4 moles of glucose to pyruvate via glycolytic…
A: Glycolysis is the biochemical conversion of 1 mole of glucose into 2 moles of pyruvate. This…
Q: In generating CO2, how can the citric acid cycle discriminate between the carbons in citrate given…
A: In the first phase of the cycle, acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate, a four-carbon acceptor…
Q: Considering the complete oxidation of an 18-C fatty acid. Give the answer for the following…
A: Beta oxidation is a catabolic pathway that converts fatty acid molecules to acetyl CoA. The site of…
Q: Name a compound that can serve as a raw material for gluconeogenesis and is from the a.) glycolytic…
A: Introduction: The synthesis of glucose from non-sugar or non-carbohydrate compounds is known as…
Q: Consider a preparation that contains all the enzymes and cofactors necessary for fatty acid…
A: Questions 1 - This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. Most of the acetyl-CoA which is…
Q: What yield of ATP can be expected from complete oxidation of each of the following substrates by the…
A: Introduction: A metabolic pathway is a related sequence of chemical reactions that occur within a…
Q: How many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete metabolism of 2.12g of triacylglycerol…
A: Introduction: Triacylglycerols are a rich source of energy. One gram of triacylglycerol contains…
Q: Fatty acids are converted to their coenzyme A esters in a reversible reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA…
A: Fatty acids are catabolized by the sequential removal of two carbon fragment from the carboxyl end…
Q: Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. What citric acid cycle…
A: Aerobic metabolism is a set of three basic metabolic processes that occur in cells to generate…
Q: How many ATP are produced from the complete degradation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?
A: One molecule of glucose gives two molecule of pyruvate, which enters TCA cycle for complete…
Q: threose-4 phosphate (a 4 carbon aldose) is fed into glycolysis after a decarboxylation reaction that…
A: Aldose is a monosaccharide and consists of carbon chain containing a carbonyl group on the endmost…
Q: Which citric acid cycle intermediate can move from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm to become the…
A: TCA cycle is the final common oxidative pathway for fats, carbohydrates and amino acids. Various…
Q: What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase? catalyzes the transfer of a…
A: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an enzyme involved in glycolysis. It catalyses…
Q: Mention two biological advantages to an organism that stores its carbohydrate reserves as starch or…
A: “Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: The conversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate is an example of oxidative deamination. Give the…
A: Glutamate has a significant role in carbohydrate metabolism too. It is involved in the…
Q: If cells synthesizing glucose from pyruvate are exposed to co2 labbeled 14C use the structure of…
A: Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as pyruvate,…
Q: Explain why the hydrolysis of the following compounds releases energy. A. phosphoenol pyruvate…
A: Chemical energy is a type of potential energy stored in bonds of chemical compounds. Chemical energy…
Q: Starting with pyruvate (CH3COCOO—) as the precursor, the first step of gluconeogenesis is…
A: Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic process that results in the transformation of non-carbohydrate…
Q: Human beings contain two different carbamoyl phosphate synthetase enzymes. One uses glutamine as a…
A: The ATP-dependent synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate from glutamine or ammonia is catalyzed by…
Q: Suggest a name for an enzyme that catalyzes each of t a.) Oxidation of nitrite b.) Decarboxylation…
A: An enzyme is a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which…
Q: 16 C Fatty acyl CoA + 7 FAD + 7 NAD+ + 7 COA → 8 acetyl CoA + 7 FADH₂ + 7 NADH + 7 H* This is the…
A: Fatty acids are an important source of energy that are utilised for energy generation at the time of…
Q: Draw the Fischer projection of galactcose and show its catabolism until it releases carbon dioxide…
A: Galactose is an aldohexose. It is a C-4 epimer of glucose. The source for the galactose is a…
Q: In the first stage of glycolysis, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate iscleaved to form…
A: All cells require energy (ATP) to carry out various cellular processes, such as active transport,…
Q: ctively respiring bacterial culture is supplied with acetyl-CoA labeled on the methyl carbon with…
A: In organisms, the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) is one of the most…
Q: From data in Table 13-6, calculate the ΔG′° value for the following reactions:(a) Phosphocreatine +…
A: ∆G'° for any reaction is a fixed parameter defined for standard conditions. Gibbs energy changes of…
Q: If a liver extract capable of carrying out normal metabolic reactions (including gluconeogenesis) is…
A: Gluconeogenesis is that the metabolism by that organisms produce sugars (namely glucose) for…
Q: In 1937, two German biochemists published a paper proposing these reactions as part of glucose…
A: Introduction The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) or Krebscycle or citric acid cycle was first proposed by…
Q: Name the 3 carbon molecule produced when glucose is broken in half during glycolysis. O a. Pyruvate…
A: Introduction Glycolysis is the process of reaction by which one molecule of glucose is converted to…
Q: Citrate synthase catalyzes the reaction Oxaloacetate + acetyl-CoA →citrate + HS-CoA The standard…
A: Citrate synthase catalyzes the reaction Oxaloacetate + acetyl-CoA →citrate + HS-CoA The standard…
Q: Hemp oil contains eicosenoic acid (20:149) as its primary monounsaturated fatty acid. Let's consider…
A: Some of the energy is utilized to generate ATP from ADP and Pi, but ATP is required immediately for…
Q: Which of the following reactions would you expect to proceed in the direction shown, under standard…
A: Dear students, The given question has multiple subparts. According to the guidelines, we will…
Q: Where in the biochemical pathway of cellular respiration (glycolysis, intermediate stage, or citric…
A: Cellular respiration is the metabolic process where biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and…
Q: Consider the malate dehydrogenase reaction from the citric acid cycle. Given the listed…
A: Malate dehydrogenase is citric acid cycle enzyme (metabolism) catalyzes the oxidation of malate into…
If a liver extract capable of carrying out normal
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 1 images
- Hemp oil contains eicosenoic acid (20:149) as its primary monounsaturated fatty acid. Let's consider the conversion of a molecule of eicosenoic acid to B-hydroxybutyrate. 2022, 4. Arizona State University What are the f-oxidation products and how many ATP are required during activation for one molecule of lignoceric acid? Given the following, how many molecules of 6-hydroxybutyrate can be produced? COA OH COA NADH NAD+ B-hydroxybutyrate H* Based on the total NADH and FADH, available after converting lignoceric acid into ß hydroxybutyrate, what is the typical yield of ATP that can be produced in the liver? Don't forget to include any ATP required for activation steps.Draw the Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate) pathway, then identify and label the different types of organic reaction mechanisms (Sn1, Sn2, E1, or E2 reaction mechanisms). Make sure to name and draw the structures of each biomolecule included in the pathway.If a liver extract capable of carrying out normal metabolic reactions (including gluconeogenesis) is incubated with labeled pyruvate labeled with oxygen-18 at the carboxylate oxygen atom shown, where would the label be found in glucose? Explain both in words and illustration. If any of the positions be partially labeled, indicate that clearly and explain.
- Can the carbons in ketones be metabolized and wind up in a glucose monosaccharide? If yes, using merely the information presented in class, outline a possible metabolic route for these carbons. If no, explain why not.Arrange the following molecules in order of their biological energy content per mole: glucose, caproic acid (C10), sucrose (C12), myristic acid (C14) Write the structural equation for the transamination reaction that involves threonine and pyruvate as pair of reactants [provide the structure of the AA and pyruvate)There are eight chemical reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle process. The reactions of the citric acid cycle are shown in the figure below. Several classes of organic reactions like these classes include esterification, decarboxylation, hydration reactions, dehydration of alcohols, oxidation of alcohols, oxidation of aldehydes, reduction of aldehydes, and reduction of ketones. Find at least one of these reaction classes in the citric acid cycle. List the reaction number and the reaction. Write a sentence or two on how you were able to make the classification.
- In the degradation of glycogen, the purpose of the debranching enzyme is to remove the last four glucose molecules from branches structure of glycogen. It does this by catalyzing three different reactions. Use the equations below to answer parts a-c. Synthesis of α(1,6) link ΔG = +7.1 kJ Hydrolysis of α(1,4) link ΔG = ─15.5 kJ a)What are the three chemical reactions performed during the removal of the last four glucose molecules of the branching structure of glycogen? b) Calculate ΔG for each of the three reactions described in part a. c) Now calculate the overall energy change for the net reaction carried out by this enzyme. d) Why is this reaction favorable?[AktivGrid] Draw the product of the reaction of isocitrate catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase in the TCA (citric acid) cycle. Provide the structure in the protonation state found in physiological conditions. rxn' F-C-H NAD+ isocitra te dehydro genase NADH, Dra H+, > Problem 5 of 12 Submit H Atoms, Bonds and Rings OH Charges CH2OH Drag To Pan CH2OH- H OH Undo Reset ―CH2OH- Remove Done ⚫SH CHO +(b) number of moles of ATP produced under aerobic glycolysis whereby pyruvate enters the mitochondrion for oxidative decarboxylation to generate acetyl-CoA that enters the citric acid cycle. Write the reac- tions for each step using words. They need not be balanced with respect to charge, protons released or consumed, and stoichiometry. Consider 2.5 ATP/NADH oxidized and 1.5 ATP/FADH2 oxidized. Enzymes need not be named. Compare the number of moles of ATP that are produced under anaerobic glycolysis to the Of the reactions producing ATP in the mitochondrion listed in part (b) above, which are not (c) influenced by the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane?
- Myristoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid found in small amounts in a variety of foods. Calculate the net ATP yield from the complete β-oxidation of myristoleic acid. The formula of myristoleic acid is shown below (it is assumed that the total ATP production is the same for both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having the same carbon chain length). CH3-(CH2)3-CHCH-(CH2)7-COOH (Given: The oxidation of one NADH yields 2.5 ATP; the oxidation of one FADH2 yields 1.5 ATP; and the oxidation of one acetyl CoA yields 10 ATP. ) Group of answer choices a. 96 ATP b. 92 ATP c. 94 ATP d. 34 ATP e. 36 ATPDraw the structures of the following coenzyme molecules: 1. CoA-SH/Acetyl-S-CoA 2. NAD*/NADH + H* • For both: Give full name (if you copy the formula from an Internet source, please cite it properly, for example, according to the Chicago Manual of Style. • Indicate what are the chemical groups that are active in these molecules, i.e., what group participates in metabolic reactions (be aware that both molecules may be involved in both anabolic and catabolic processes). • What vitamin or vitamins will, when modified, contribute to the structure of these molecules? • Write a short, general conclusion of the importance of these two coenzymes in metabolism.1) One key to understanding glucose metabolism is being able to follow a series of oxidation/reduction reactions. For the reactions below, which is being oxidized and which is reduced? How can you tell? Ae + B A + Be A + BH₂ → AH₂ + B CH4 + 202 CO₂ + 2H₂O 2) Identify the cellular locations for each reaction. Start general with just the 4 parts (glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, TCA cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain), then, include each of the terms in word bank (they may belong in more than one place). WORD BANK CO₂ H₂O glucose pyruvate G3P ADP NADH 0₂ ATP electrons FADH₂ acetyl-CoA NAD+ protons Nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplast