In the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis, a person's immune system attacks and destroys the myelin sheath cells. What occurs as a result of the destruction of these cells? O Action potentials can travel in two directions. None of the answer choices are correct. The sodium-potassium pumps malfunction. The speed of action potentials decreases. ● Signals cannot be transmitted across the synapse.

In the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis, a person's immune system attacks and destroys the myelin sheath cells. What occurs as a result of the destruction of these cells? O Action potentials can travel in two directions. None of the answer choices are correct. The sodium-potassium pumps malfunction. The speed of action potentials decreases. ● Signals cannot be transmitted across the synapse.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter7: The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3RE

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Which therapy listed below could be an effective therapy for hypomyelination? O Introduction of drugs that can stimulate Schwann cell proliferation. Introduction of drugs that can stimulate the immune system. Introduction of antibodies that can neutralize autoimmune antibodies. O Introduction of drugs that can decrease neuronal activity. Introduction of drugs that can speed up myelin sheath breakdown.
Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which theimmune system attacks and destroys the myelin sheath surroundingnerve cells. What effect would you expect the loss of myelin tohave on the speed of nerve impulses?
This cell provides myelination within the centrallnervous system, allowing for, speed of conduction of the action potential O astrocytes, increased O microglia, decreased O neurons, decreased O oligodendrocytes, increased
O It prevents action potentials from occurring. O It prevents local potentials from occurring. O It prevents the membrane potential from returning to normal. O It prevents exocytosis of neurotransmitter. Once a pre-synaptic neuron has stopped firing, all of the following will stop the local potential in the post-synaptic neuron except: the neurotransmitter must diffuse away the neurotransmitter spontaneously dissolves the neurotransmitter is taken back up by the pre-synaptic neuron the neurotransmitter is destroyed in the synapse Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), the enzyme which breaks down acetylcholine (ACh), is inhibited by many common pesticides. Which of the following is likely to occur as a result? the pre-synaptic neuron will become hyperpolarized it will cause hyperpolarization in the post-synaptic neuron post-synaptic neurons will not be able to stop producing action potentials Unontic neurons will not be able to start producing action potentials
Which is TRUE about neuronal membrane electrical and concentration gradients at the peak of the action potential? The electrical gradient is in a direction that would tend to move K+ out of the cell. The concentration gradient for K+ is in a direction that would tend to move it into the cell. O The concentration gradient for K+ greatly increases compared to at rest. The concentration gradient for Na+ is in a direction that would tend to move it out of the cell. O The electrical gradient for Na+ is in a direction that would tend to move it into the cell.
Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys the myelin sheath surrounding nerve cells. What effect would you expect the loss of myelin to have onthe speed of nerve impulses?
An individual diagnosed with CMT has difficulty holding a cup because: a. The myelin in the motor neurons is damaged thereby preventing an impulse frommoving along the axonb. The myelin in the sensory neurons is damaged thereby preventing an impulse frommoving along the axonc. The dendrites in the motor neurons are damaged thereby preventing an impulse frommoving along the axond. The dendrites in the sensory neurons are damaged thereby preventing an impulse frommoving along the axon
Which of the following is FALSE about action potentials? At resting potential, there are more potassium channels open and most sodium channels are closed. Depolarization is due to the flow of Na+ out of the axon via voltage-gated Na+ channels. Hyperpolarization is due to continued loss of K+ from the axon. During repolarization, K+ flows out of the axon along its concentration gradient. Resting membrane potential is primarily established by the Na+/K+ pump.
Which of the following statements best describes the properties of a myelinated axons? The axon has an even distribution of ion channels but it is covered by layers of myelin apart from short sections termed the nodes of Ranvier where there is no myelin. The action potential is able to jump from node to node because the myelin sheath increases the length constant. There are very few ion channels underneath the myelin. The density of Na+ channels at the nodes of Ranvier is very high but there are no K+ channels in myelinated axons. The myelin sheath increases the rate of action potential conduction because the action potential underneath the myelin sheath travels faster than an action potential in an unmyelinated axon.
You are doing a nerve conduction velocity test as shown in the diagram. If the test is performed on a multiple sclerosis patient whose myelinated axons are attacked, how would the conduction velocity differ from that recorded from a normal healthy person? Nerve Monitor Nerve Conduction Velocity Test (NCCV Test) conduction velocity will be faster in the patient. conduction velocity will be slower in the patient. O only the conduction of autonomic nerve is affected. O other:
Excitatory neurons A and B both synapse with neuron C. Neuron A releasesa neurotransmitter, and neuron B releases the same type and amount ofneurotransmitter plus a neuromodulator that produces EPSPs in neuron C.Action potentials produced in neuron A alone can result in action potentialproduction in neuron C. Action potentials produced in neuron B alone alsocan cause action potential production in neuron C. Which results in moreaction potentials in neuron C, stimulation by only neuron A or stimulationby only neuron B? Explain.
Each of the following contributes to the unidirectional propagation of nerve signals EXCEPT_ A) presynaptic neurotransmitter secretion is separated from postsynaptic receptors. dendrites only receive signals. action potentials initiate the hillock and propagate only down the axon. D neuron membranes have a refractory period following generation of an action potential. E ion channels are oriented to transport ions only into the neuron.