In the following game, find the dominated strategies for each player and the reduced game and solve the pure equilibrium strategy. Also solve the mixed equilibrium strategy, if it doesn't exist, explain Y1 Y2 Y3 X1 |(4,-4) (5,-5) (10,-10) X2 (3,-3) (4,-4) (2,-2) X3 (8,-8) (6,-6) (9,-9)
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- Consider the following extensive form game between player 1 and player 2. T B (2, 2) L R R (3, 1) (0, 0) (5, 0) (0, 1) (a). Find the normal form representation of this game. (show the bimatrix) (b). Find all pure strategy NE. (c). Which of these equilibria are subgame perfect?Two business partners jointly own a firm and share equally the revenues. They individually and simultaneously decide how much effort to put into the firm. Let s₁ and s2 denote the effort choices of partner 1 and partner 2, respectively. Assume si € [0, 4]. The cost of effort is given by s? for i E {1, 2}. The firm's revenue is given by 4(81 +82 + bs182) where 0 ≤ b ≤ 1. (Note that the parameter 6 reflects the synergies between the effort levels. b> 0 implies that the more one partner works, the more productive the other partner is.) The payoffs for partners 1 and 2 are: u₁ (81, 82) u2 (81, 82) - = 1 [4(81 +82 +68182)] − 8² - 1 [4(81 +82 + bs182)] – $²Exercise 6.1Suppose that two airlines decide to collude. Analyse the game between these two companies. Suppose that each of them can charge for tickets a high price or a low price. If one of them charges 100 euros, it gets few profits if the other also charges 100 euros and high profits if the other charges 200 euros. On the other hand, if the company charges 200 euros, it obtains very little profit if the other charges 100 euros and an average profit if the other also charges 200 euros. a) Represent the matrix of results of this game. b) What is the Nash equilibrium in this game? Explain your answer. c) Is there an outcome that would be better than the Nash equilibrium for the two airlines? How could it be achieved? Who would lose out if it were reached?
- Consider the following game. Firm 1 can implement one of two actions, A or B. Firm 2 observes the action chosen by Firm 1 and then decides whether to fight it or not. (-10, 20) F2 Fight A Don't fight -(30, 10) Firm 1 (-10, 0) Fight B Don't fight -(20, 15) (a) Consider the following strategy profile: Firm 1 chooses A; Firm 2 chooses fight if A, and fight if B. • this strategy profile is [Select] (b) Consider the following strategy profile: Firm 1 chooses B; Firm 2 chooses fight if A, and don't fight if B. • this strategy profile is [Select] O (c) Consider the following strategy profile: Firm 1 chooses B; Firm 2 chooses don't fight if A and don't fight if B. • this strategy profile is [Select] 00 F2 ()NE 2). Consider the following extensive form game between two players. (1,10) u D 1 B X (a) List all pure strategies of player 2. (b) Represent this game in normal form. (c) Find all pure-strategy Nash equilibria of this game. (d) Find all SPNE (in pure strategies) of this game. (6,3) (4,2) (5,1)Player 1 Cooperate (C) Defect (D) If the game has a dominant strategy, what is it? There is none. If the game has a Nash equilibrium in pure strategies, what is it? There is none. Cooperate (C) 3,3 8,0 Cooperate (C) is a dominant strategy for both players. Defect (D) is a dominant strategy for both players. Cooperate (C) is a dominant strategy for 1, and Defect (D) is a dominant strategy for 2. C, C is the only Nash equilibrium. D, D is the only Nash equilibrium. C, C and D, D are both Nash equilibria. Player 2 Defect (D) 0,8 1,1
- Suppose now we alter the game so that whenever Colin chooses "paper" the loser pays the winner 3 instead of 1: rock paper scissors rock 0. -3 1 1. раper scissors -1 -1 3 (a) Show that xT= (,) and yT= (5) together are not a Nash equilibrium 3'31 for this modified 3'3 game. (b) Formulate a linear program that can be used to calculate a mixed strategy x € A(R) that maximises Rosemary's security level for this modified game. (c) Solve your linear program using the 2-phase simplex algorithm. You should use the format given in lectures. Give a mixed strategy x E A(R) that has an optimal security level for Rosemary and a mixed strategy y E A(C) that has an optimal security level for Colin.Consider again the normal form of the Prisoner's dilemma game. Determine any Nash Equilibrium. Player 2 R (-10,-10) (-1,-25) (-25,-1) (-3,-3) C Player 1 R2- Consider the following game. Player 2 Player 1 U 12, 2 | 3, 9 5, 8 4, 2 D (a) Find all the Nash equilibria, pure and mixed. (b) Suppose that the payoff of the column player u:(D, L) is reduced from 8 to 6, but all other payoffs remain the same. Again, find all the pure- and mixed-strategy Nash equilibria. (c) Compare the mixed-strategy equilibria in parts (a) and (b). Did this worsening in one of player 2's payoffs change player 2's equilibrium mixed strategy? Did it change player l's? Give some intuition.
- a W 3,5 3,4 8,4 0,0 3,3 8,9 y 0,1 5,9 9,8 Describe a strategy for player 1 that dominates x. O (1/3.0. 2/3) 1.0,0) O01.1) to(a) Consider the following bimatrix of a normal form game. Show that the set of strategies that survive elimination of weakly dominated strategies depends on the order in which the weakly dominated strategies are eliminated. Player 2 L R 1,1 0,0 M| 1,1 0,0 | 2,1 Player 1 2,1 (b) Find an example of a game where the unique Nash equilibrium in pure strategies would not survive the eliminination of weakly dominated strategies. (c) Find an example of a game where both players' strategies are weakly dominated in the Nash equilibrium.An incumbent can commit to producing a large quantity of output before the potential rival decides whether to enter. The incumbent chooses whether to commit to produce a small quantity or a large quantity. The rival then decides whether to enter. Enter The payoffs are represented in the game treeillustrated in the figure to the right. What is the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium? (1,800,500) Rival Small O A. The Nash equilibrium is for the incumbent to produce the large quantity and for the rival to not enter regardless of the incumbent's quantity. (3,600,0) Don't enter O B. The Nash equilibrium is for the incumbent to produce the large quantity and for Incumbent the rival to enter regardless of the incumbent's quantity. OC. The game does not have a Nash equilibrium. O D. The Nash equilibrium is for the incumbent produce the small quantity and for Enter (1,600, - 80) Large Rival the rival to only enter if the incumbent produces the small quantity. (3,200,0) Don't enter O E. The Nash…