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- A [answer] cipher is typically implemented by performing a AND mathematical operation at least two bytes at a time. A. stream B. DES C. key D. blockQ.4 Describe block ciphers.padding Question 11 Suppose we have a block cipher with block size 8-bytes (64-bits) and we will use the padding scheme described in class and used in the homework (PKCS #7, RFC 5652). How many bytes (octets) are added to a message consisting of 11 bytes when applying the padding scheme in PKCS7? Note: The message is written in hexadecimal. Each pair of digits (number or letter) is ONE byte (octet). You answer must be a number (for example, 3, 5, 9, etc.).
- 21. RSA problem: given plaintext P, e, prime numbers p, q, compute ciphertext C. Decrypt C and verify you get plaintext P back.A symmetric block encryption algorithm is shown below. 16-bit blocks of plaintext P are encrypted using a 32-bit key. Encryption is defined as: C = (P EX_OR Ko) + K1 C is the ciphertext, K is the secret key, Ko is the leftmost 16 bits of K, K1 is the rightmost 16 bits of K, EX_OR is bitwise exclusive OR, and + is binary addition. a. The ciphertext C must be the same size as the plaintext P, that is, it must not be larger than 16 bits. How can this be achieved? b. Show the decryption equation. How will the encrypted message be decrypted?You are given the following parameters in RSA cryptosystem: p = 11, q = 13, e = 13 a) Find the integer d. b) List down the public key and private key. You need to encrypt the plaintext message, M = OF. c) Convert this message to value according to ASCII table. To encrypt this message, you can either combine the value, or separate it into the blocks of 2 digits (Hint: it must satisfy the condition M < n). d) Encrypt and decrypt the message OF. e) If the decimal value (not character) of ciphertext is 188267, decrypt this value and convert it to an appropriate message according to the ASCII table.
- Use the RSA cipher with public key n = 713 = 23 · 31 and e = 43. Encode the word "HERO" into its numeric equivalent and encrypt it. (Encode one letter at a time. Assume the letters of the alphabet are encoded as follows: A = 001, B = 002, C = 003, ..., Z = 026.Q.23 What is stream cipher.Experimenting with AES-”S symmetric key cipher. Note: You may use any programming language that provided libraries for AES. Descrion: This assignment consists of two parts:PART 1: write a program that uses AES-12/1 to decrypt a message. The program should be named "decrypt", and should deal with three files that contain the encrypted text as a stream of bytes, the 128-bit key for decryption stored as a stream of bytes, and file outcome of the decryption, respectively. o To test this program, here's an example of an encrypted message a. its 128-bit secret key PART 2: you will try to use "brute force" to decrypt an encrypted message, where you only have Sirrst 96-bits of the 12S-bit secret key (last 9 bytes of the secret key are he program should be called "findk", and should deal with two files that contain the encrypted text as a stream of bytes and the first 96-bits of the key, respetively. The program should decryptedn standard the the missing h6177 of the key in hexadecimal,…
- Assume that you have a suitable source of randomness which can produce at least 264264 random bits before it repeats. What is the easiest way to turn this into a stream cipher suitable for encrypting long streams of plaintext?RC4 Decryption/ Complete of RC4 program by writing the decryption part of the cipher? Solve this question only using Matlab CodeA block cipher has block length 3. When the key is k, the results of encrypting a block with this cipher are given in the table below: m E(m, k) m E(m, k) 000 011 100 101 001 111 101 110 010 001 110 010 011 000 111 100 (i) Decrypt the ciphertext 010011011 given that it was created by using this block cipher in CBC mode, with key k and IV 111. (ii) Decrypt the ciphertext 010011011 given that it was created by using this block cipher in ECB mode, with key k. (iii) Decrypt the ciphertext 010011011 given that it was created by using this block cipher in CTR mode, with key k and initial counter value 100.