a.a decrease in the frequency of process AO b. a decrease in the intensity of process Aan increase in the intensity of process Ad. an increase in the frequency of process AUse the following information to answer the next questionO c.Membrane potential (mv)-55Action potential of a neuron in respostimulus of -55 mVDABCompared to the diagram above, an electrochemical stimulus of -20 mV will result inTime

Action potential is a fundamental process that occurs in neurons, which are specialized cells…

Answered: Membrane potential (mV) -55 Action…

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Membrane potential (mV) -55 Action potential of a neuron in respo stimulus of -55 mV D A B Time

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1SQE: Answer the following questions regarding conduction of action potentials using the velocities given...

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Concept explainers

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.

Question

100%

a.
a decrease in the frequency of process A
O b. a decrease in the intensity of process A
an increase in the intensity of process A
d. an increase in the frequency of process A
Use the following information to answer the next question
O c.
Membrane potential (mv)
-55
Action potential of a neuron in respo
stimulus of -55 mV
D
A
B
Compared to the diagram above, an electrochemical stimulus of -20 mV will result in
Time

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+30 0 -55-B -70- -80- 0 1 H E 2 F 3 Time (ms) G 4 6. What happens when the threshold potential is reached? 2. A. What type of summation is shown for the graded potentials in the above graph? 5 C. At approximately +30 mV on the graph, what happens in between the depolarization and repolarization phases? D. What mechanism is responsible for the occurrence of the hyperpolarization phase? E. How is the resting membrane potential of the neuron restored? F. Is it possible to generate a second action potential during either refractory period? If so, which one and how?
Match the description with the statement that best describes the following statements hyperpolarization repolarization depolarization A. usually corresponds to opening of voltage-gated potassium channels B. any change in the membrane potential that moves the membrane potential to a value more positive than the resting potential (eg from -70mV to +35mV) C. any change in the membrane potential that moves the membrane potential to a value more negative than the resting potential (eg from -70mV to -85mV)
The resting membrane potential results fromA. uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane only.B. differences in membrane permeability to Na+ and K+ onlyC. activity of the sodium/potassium pump only.D. uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane, differences in membrane permeability to Na+ and K+, and sodium/potassium pump activity
atch the description with the statement that best describes the following statements hyperpolarization repolarization depolarization A. usually corresponds to opening of voltage-gated potassium channels B. any change in the membrane potential that moves the membrane potential to a value more positive than the resting potential (eg from -70mV to +35mV) C. any change in the membrane potential that moves the membrane potential to a value more negative than the resting potential (eg from -70mV to -85mV)
Which of the following statements is TRUE of the action potential? A. At the peak of the action potential there are approximately an equal amount of open voltage gated sodium and potassium channels B. To reach threshold the action potential requires the activity of sodium potassium pump C. During the rising phase (prior to the peak) of the action potential more voltage gated sodium channels are open than voltage gated potassium channels D. None of the choice options are TRUE of the action potential E. The overshoot phase (below resting membrane potential) is a result of voltage gated sodium channels taking a long time to close.
Under what conditions could the opening of a chloride channel actually depolarize a neuron rather than hyperpolarize it? i. The neuron is resting at -75 mV ii. The extracellular chloride concentration is lower than the intracellular chloride concentration iii. The neuron is close to its threshold of -55 mV O a. i only O b. ii only O c. i and ii only O d. ii and iii only O e. i, ii, and i O f. None of these
The made-up drug leakyhose degrades myelin resulting in myelin becoming more porous and therefore a poor insulator. 2.) Which of the following would NOT be an effect of leakyhose? A. Propagation of the action potential would likely slow B. The action potential may degrade because it can’t properly be regenerated C. The action potential would not propagate but would rather reverse directions D. Saltatory conduction may be disrupted E. All of the above effects are consistent with the administration of leakyhose
An 82-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room complain- ing of nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, and generalized weakness. Labo- ratory analysis reveals significant hyperkalemia. Elevations of extracellular potassium ion concentration will have which of the following effects on nerve membranes? a. The membrane potential will become more negative b. The sodium conductance will increase c. The potassium conductance will increase d. The membrane will become more excitable e. The Na*-K* pump will become inactivated
O a. Membrane potential (n) 40 O e. f. 60 -100- -120- -1404 1 0.5 1.0 Time (ms) In the diagram above, the threshold level of the neuron, and the resting potential, respectively are: -55 mV and -70 mV O b. -60 mV and -90 mV O c. -55 mV and -90 mV O d. -90 mV and -105 mV +40 mV and -90 mV +40 mV and -60 mV 1.5 2.0
Assume a neuron's membrane potential is -60 mV, what's the net consequence on the membrane potential of a 5 picoamp (pA) sodium current that occurs simultaneously with a 5 pA chloride current? a. There's a 5 pA hyperpolarizing current b. There's a 10 pA depolarizing current c. There's a 10 pA hyperpolarizing current d. There's a 5 pA depolarizing current e. There's no change in the membrane potential
Can you explain to me why choice E is the correct answer and break down why the other options are false?Select the choice option that is TRUE regarding the absolute and relative refractory periods of the action potential (AP). A. The absolute refractory period occurs when the activation gate of voltage gated sodium channel closes at the peak of the AP B. The relative refractory period occurs when the inactivation gate of voltage gated sodium channels closes at the peak of the AP C. The relative refractory period occurs when the activation gate of voltage gated potassium channels opens at the peak of the AP D. The absolute refractory period may be overcome if enough excitatory stimulation is applied to the neuronal membrane E. All of the choice options are FALSE regarding the absolute and relative refractory periods of the AP
Draw the current changes caused by a single voltage gated Potassium channel when the membrane is voltage-clamped at different voltage values (see below). Assume an equilibrium potential for potassium of -70mV and don't worry about exact values for the currents (approximations are fine). Label the axes on the traces and describe how the dynamics of individual voltage gated potassium channels come together to form the macroscopic K+ currents during depolarization. . a. @Resting Membrane Potential = -70 mV b. @Voltage Step = -20 mV c. @Voltage Step = +50mV