Question 9 Listen A tRNA with only the amino acid phenylanine (and no other amino acids) attached to it would be found at this site of the ribosome ○ A) E B) Z ○ C) P D) A
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GQ9
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- Question 18 The tRNA having a cloverleaf structure suggests the following features EXCEPT some segments can hydrogen bond because of complementary A bases it is a single stranded linear structure with protein coding B sequences © it has segments that can form stem-loops modified bases are usually found at the loops in a stem-loop D segmentQuestion 47 (a) Use the following figure to determine the changes to the amino acids that correspond to the normal and mutated DNA sequences. Normal DNA sequence: 3 CAT TCA AAC ATT 5 Mutated DNA sequence: 3 CAT AGT GAG GTC 5 (Hint: Write the mRNA first, then identify the amino acids.) (b) What type of mutation is shown? First base of codon U C A G U UUU UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG AUU AUC AUA AUG GUU GUC GUA GUG UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU ACC ACA Met ACG GCU GCC GCA GCG Phe -Leu Leu lle Second base of codon A C Val -Ser Pro Thr Ala UAUTYT туг UAC UAA UAG CAU CAC CAA CAG. His Gin AAU AAC Asn AAA GAUT GAC GAA GAG Asp G AAGLYS AGG. GGU GGC GGA GGG Glu UGU UGC UGA UGG CGU CGC CGA CGG Bys A Trp G U C -Arg AGU AGC AGA аса за Ser Arg U C Gly AG A U C A G U C A G Third base of codonQUESTION 21 Suppose the following are sequences at the 5' splice junction and the 3' splice junction, with intervening intron sequences shown as dashes and the branchpoint A shown, not surprisingly, as 'A'. What is the sequence formed after splicing? 5'-CUCAAUGGUACA- -----CGAUACGAGCACUGACC-3' O A. 5' CUCAAUGCACUGACC 3' O B. 5' CUCAAUGACC 3' O C. 5' CUCAAUGGGCACUGACC 3' O D. 5' CUCAAUGGUGACC 3' O E. 5' CUCAAUGGUACACGAUACGAGCACUGACC 3'
- Question 35 The steps required for peptide elongation at the ribosome are, respectively, (A) initiation, elongation and termination. (B) decoding, transpeptidation, and translocation. C) aa-tRNA binding, GTP-peptidation, and translocation. (D) initiation, elongation, and release.Question 2. Ribosomes are cellular structures that are composed of protein and RNA; this structure is responsible for catalyzing peptide bond formation between amino acids during a process known as translation. a) Many antibiotics that kill bacteria target translation. Why might this be an effective mechanism to kill bacteria? Why don't antibiotics also kill human (eukaryotic) ribosomes? b) The antibiotic Kasugamycin (KSG) destabilizes the P-site of the ribosome. Describe what parts of translation would be altered in the presence of this antibiotic. c) How does the following graph show the efficacy of translational knockdown with KSG? Met-Methionine C % of Met incorporation 100 80 60 40 20 0 + 0 2 4 6 8 KSG concentration (mg/ml) 10Question 36 During translation, translocation of the ribosome is driven by which of the following? A) ATP → AMP + PP; B) ATP → ADP + P; C) GTP D GMP + PP, GTP → GDP + P₁
- Question 29 Which of the following statements is true regarding the formylmethionine that serves as the first amino acid in bacterial protein synthesis? A an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that is specific for formylmethionine attaches formylmethionine to the tRNA B the formyl group is removed during protein synthesis leaving methionine as the first residue in all bacterial proteins the formyl group donor is N¹0-formyl-tetrahydrofolate (D) the tRNA that carries formylmethionine is the same tRNA for methionineQuestion 16 What happens when a stop codon is reached by a ribosome? A termination tRNAter binds to the codon and the growing peptide is transferred to it. When the peptidyl-tRNAter A reaches the P site, the ribosome is signaled to release the protein. The ribosome then is likely to dissociate. A termination tRNAter binds to the codon and the growing peptide is transferred to it. When the peptidyl-tRNAter (B) reaches the P site, the ribosome dissociates. A separate peptidyl transferase then releases the protein from tRNAter. A termination tRNAter binds to the codon and is used to release the growing peptide from the P site TRNA. The ribosome then is likely to dissociate. D A release factor binds to the codon and is used to release the growing peptide from the P site tRNA.Question 33 RNA polymerase IlI: A is located in the nucleoplasm and transcribes the protein-encoding genes through mRNAs. B transcribes tRNA genes and protein transport genes. c) transcribes the 55 RNA genes. D) transcribes RNA genes associated with TRNA processing.
- QUESTION 13 You have isolated a nonsense mutation caused by a base substitution. This mutation is a null allele. You then use this mutant to select for second mutations that suppress the null phenotype back to a more wild-type phenotype. In theory, which of of the following types of second mutations are possible? A reverse mutation of the nonsense mutation A mutation in the anticodon of a tRNA gene precise deletion of the codon containing the nonsense mutationQuestion 48 The energetic driving force for the synthesis of the new strand is the removal of the pyrophosphate during phosphodiester bond formation. A True B) FalseQuestion 11 The triplet code allows many amino acids to be specified by more than one codon. Such a code is said to be A synonymous. B) degenerate. c unambigous D) universal.