Select all criterion for classifying a substance as a neurotransmitter. (select all that apply) Existence of the substance in the presynaptic terminal. Release of the substance when nerve impulses reach the terminal ending. Existence of specific receptors for the substance on the postsynaptic membrane. Ability of the substance to travel long distances between the site of origin and the target area.
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- A neuron responds to adequate stimulation with _______, a type of self-propagating signal.Temporal summation refers to: summation of action potentials in the temporal cortex. summation of postsynaptic potentials on a neuron occurring closely together in time. summation of postsynaptic potentials at different places on a neuron at the same time. summation of postsynaptic potentials in the temporal cortex.An action potential has reached the axon terminal of a presynaptic cell. As a result of the action potential you would expect the movement of __________ into the presynaptic cell and the movement of __________ out of the presynaptic cell. Calcium : neurotransmitter Sodium : calcium Neurotransmitter : calcium Sodium : neurotransmitter
- In terms of function when a presynaptic neuron receiving input from a nearby inhibitory neuron, it can be inferred that the both neurons firing won't be synchronized activation of the inhibitory neuron is nullified activation of the presynaptic neurotransmitter release is enhanced this type of interaction represents a regulatory input of neuronal activationA neurotransmitter can have one of two effects on the postsynaptic neuron. If a neurotransmitter causes an increase in the likelihood that a neuron will send signals than the neurotransmitter is , but if it decreases the likelihood that it will send a signal than the neurotransmitter is : excitatroy : facilitating : impeding : inhibitoryIncreasing the amount of action potentials that arrive at the presynaptic terminal will: (Can pick more than one) Increase the number of vesicles that fuse with the presynaptic membrane Increase the amount of depolarization in the terminal Increase the amount of neurotransmitter released. Increase the amount of Ca2+ that enters the presynaptic terminal.
- Which of the following are the likely explanations for the failure of a postsynaptic neuron to trigger an action potential? Select all that apply. The EPSPs are neutralized by the neurotransmitter The summation of IPSPs and EPSPs is insufficient to depolarize the cell to threshold The synapses generating the EPSPs are too close to the axon hillock The synapses generating the EPSPs are too far from the axon hillockOf the below, what do neurotransmitters do? stimulate presynaptic terminals. remain in the synaptic cleft for long periods of time. do not affect membrane channels in the postsynaptic membrane. bind irreversibly to the receptor molecules of the postsynaptic membrane. cause the production of action potentials in the postsynaptic membrane.Synaptic fatigue is due to : -a- decreased synthesis of neurotransmittersb- inability to release neurotransmitters by exocytosisc- failure of action potentials to open voltage-gated Ca ++ channels in presynaptic terminald- imbalance in between rates of synthesis and release of neurotransmitters
- For the nervous system to convey information using electrical signals, the signals typically must be passed from one neuron to another. Oftentimes, this transfer of information across the synapse occurs via the release of neurotransmitters from the pre-synaptic terminal. When a large stimulus is detected in one neuron, it often conveys this information by releasing a larger amount of neurotransmitter into the synapse.Discuss a situation where the nervous system is functionally influencing the work system. (Give 5 situation and explain it)Spastic paralysis (resulting from the failure of muscles to relax), induced by the neurotoxin strychnine, occurs when this poison blocks the binding of: the excitatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine to post-synaptic sodium channels the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate to post-synaptic calcium channels the excitatory neurotransmitter serotonin to post-synaptic potassium channels the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine to post-synaptic chloride channels the inhibitory neurotransmitter melatonin to post-synaptic bicarbonate channels