Sickle-cell hemoglobin has not been bred out of existence because individuals with on sickle-cell allele are resistant to malaria. In terms of evolutionary biology, this is an ex of _____ advantage.
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- If 9% of an African population is born with a severe form of sickle-cell anemia (ss), what percentage of the population will be more resistant to malaria because they are heterozygous (Ss) for the sickle-cell gene?Do you think the allele for sickle cell anemia would be common in regions where malaria did not exist? Explain why or why not.Why do scientists believe that the sickle-cell trait has not evolved out of the human population yet considering how deadly it is to be homozygous for the sickle cell gene?
- What is heterozygote superiority ? There's a link between evolution of sickle cell trait and malaria. Comment.If, within specific regional populations over two thousand years ago, sickle-cell anemia killed those individuals born with it before they could reproduce to pass it on to offspring, how did it persist in these populations? Group of answer choices A-Because of late-onset of the disease. B-Because it is cause by a virus and it spreads faster than people died. C-Because of the basic principles of mendelian inheritance that result in some heterozygote "carrier" combinations. D-Because malaria made it possible to survive sickle cell anemia since the parasite would carry oxygen on the blood cells with the mutated hemoglobin. E-It does not persist. Natural selection removes the allele because people die from both malaria and sickle-cell anemia.Describe how an individual’s genotype influences their chance of contracting malaria: which individual is more likely to get malaria- an individual with two HbA alleles or an individual with one HbA allele and one HbS allele? Why? Why do people with one HbS allele tend not to get malaria?
- Describe the significance of sickle cell anemia to understanding evolution and the role of culture in adaptation, and explain why it’s a great example of a balanced polymorphism.If allele frequencies in the hemoglobin gene are influenced by sickle cell anemia on the one hand and by resistance to malaria on the other hand, what factors may cause a change in these allele frequencies over time?A human gene called the β-globin gene encodes a polypeptide that functions as a subunit of the protein known as hemoglobin. Hemoglobin carries oxygen within red blood cells. In human populations, the β-globin gene can be found as the more common allele called the HbA allele, but it can also be found as theHbS allele. Individuals who have two copies of the HbS allele have the disease called sickle cell disease. Are the followingexamples a description of genetics at the molecular, cellular, organism, or population level?A. The HbS allele encodes a polypeptide that functions slightly differently from the polypeptide encoded by the HbA allele.B. If an individual has two copies of the HbS allele, that person’s red blood cells take on a sickle shape. C. Individuals who have two copies of the HbA allele do not have sickle cell disease, but they are not resistant to malaria. People who have one HbA allele and one HbS allele do not have sickle cell disease, and they are resistant to malaria.…
- Alzheimer's is believed to be caused by a dominant allele, however, it continues to persist in populations, even though it is deleterious. Explain why the allele for Alzheimer's persists using an evolutionary justification.Sickle cell anemia is a genetically inherited autosomal recessive trait in which results in a condition that there are not enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body due to the production of red blood cells that are sickle shaped. The frequency of the sickle cell condition is as high as 10% in Central Africa compared to 0.5% in the United States. Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite that infects healthy red blood cells and can lead to death. However, the parasite is not able to infect sickle cell red blood cells. Scientists claim that the higher frequency of sickle cell carriers is due to the presence of malaria. Provide reasoning to support the claim.Use the following additional passage to answer the next question. Suppose you travel to the future, to a time when neither cystic fibrosis nor tuberculosis have caused any deaths for many generations. In all of these future populations, the cystic fibrosis allele still exists at a low frequency. Q10. You visit a huge city with millions of people. If you were to start sampling the cystic fibrosis allele from one generation to the next, what should happen to its frequency over the next few generations, and why? O The allele frequency should change a lot from one generation to the next due to random genetic drift. O The allele frequency should not change much from one generation to the next because the population is large. O The allele frequency should steadily increase due to natural selection. O The allele frequency should steadily decrease due to natural selection.