Suppose we have two markets, A and B, each consisting of seven firms. The market shares of the 5 largest firms (ordered by market share) are shown in the table below.
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- The 1994 market shares of the firms in the market for paper towels in the United States were: Procter & Gamble 37%, Scott 18%, James River 12%, Georgia-Pacific 11%, Kimberly-Clark 4%, with the remaining 18% spread among several smaller firms. a. Find the HHI for the market. (Note: you must create imaginary market shares for the firms in “Other” when calculating HHIs. The usual practice is to make the shares as large as possible, given that they are at most as large as the smallest listed firm, which in this case was Kimberly-Clark.) b. One way of putting some intuition behind the HHI is to calculate how many equal-sized firms would generate the HHI of some actual industry. To do so, calculate the HHI in terms of fractional market shares (e.g., use .48 instead of 48%, and do NOT multiply the sum by 10,000). Then, for n equal size firms, the HHI = n(si2) = n(1/n)2 = 1/n. Find the number of identical-sized firms that would generate the HHI you found in part a.Microsoft is one of the leading software companies. Prior to 2000, Microsoft’s share of the market for personal computer operating systems stood above 80 per cent. However, since the twenty-first century Microsoft’s market share has steadily declined to 40 per cent. This is due to the rise in competing software producers such as Apple macOS (10%), Google's Android OS (35%), Linux Operating System (35%), and Apple iOS (5%). The market share of each company is provided in parentheses. Google and Linux have decided that it would be in their best interest to work together to serve the market. This is not common knowledge to the person’s outside of the companies. i. Draw how equilibrium price and quantity are determined in this industry. Hi does this refer to the monopoly market structure diagrams? 2. Allsmart’s demand curve is given by Q=10-P for its dishwashers. The marginal and average cost is $3 per dishwasher produced. Complete the following table. Photo below…Microsoft is one of the leading software companies. Prior to 2000, Microsoft’s share of the market for personal computer operating systems stood above 80 per cent. However, since the twenty-first century Microsoft’s market share has steadily declined to 40 per cent. This is due to the rise in competing software producers such as Apple macOS (10%), Google's Android OS (35%), Linux Operating System (35%), and Apple iOS (5%). The market share of each company is provided in parentheses. Google and Linux have decided that it would be in their best interest to work together to serve the market. This is not common knowledge to the person’s outside of the companies. State what market structure existed prior to the 2000 and illustrate how equilibrium price and quantity are determined in this industry. Can excess profit be earned by Microsoft in the long run prior to the 2000. Explain. [3 marks] State what market structure exists in the twenty first century. Explain if excess profit will exist…
- Microsoft is one of the leading software companies. Prior to 2000, Microsoft’s share of the market for personal computer operating systems stood above 80 per cent. However, since the twenty-first century Microsoft’s market share has steadily declined to 40 per cent. This is due to the rise in competing software producers such as Apple macOS (10%), Google's Android OS (35%), Linux Operating System (35%), and Apple iOS (5%). The market share of each company is provided in parentheses. Google and Linux have decided that it would be in their best interest to work together to serve the market. This is not common knowledge to the person’s outside of the companies. i. State what market structure existed prior to the 2000 and illustrate how equilibrium price and quantity are determined in this industry. Can excess profit be earned by Microsoft in the long run prior to the 2000. Explain. State what market structure exists in the twenty first century. Explain if excess…Microsoft is one of the leading software companies. Prior to 2000, Microsoft’s share of the market for personal computer operating systems stood above 80 per cent. However, since the twenty-first century Microsoft’s market share has steadily declined to 40 per cent. This is due to the rise in competing software producers such as Apple macOS (10%), Google's Android OS (35%), Linux Operating System (35%), and Apple iOS (5%). The market share of each company is provided in parentheses. Google and Linux have decided that it would be in their best interest to work together to serve the market. This is not common knowledge to the person’s outside of the companies. State what market structure existed prior to the 2000 and illustrate how equilibrium price and quantity are determined in this industry.Assume there are two companies in the region, A and B. You currently work for Company B. Both companies service the entire market and have a combined market share of 100%. At the start of the period, A and B split the market evenly with 50% share each. However, A has adopted a new customer retention tool and has projected the following switching matrix. TO FROM A B A 0.8 0.2 B 0.3 0.7 Given this switching matrix. 1 - What is the projected Market Share for Company A next period? 2- Assume that each customer has a profitability of $30 each year. There are 10,000 customers in the market. How much profit per year, in the long run and assuming no other costs or changes to the market, can we assume that B will lose due to this new technology compared to their prior position?
- What is the likelihood that firms would enter the market in the short-run? Use COVID-19 as a market condition to elaborate the likelihood and further elaborate an exit strategy if one exists.Calculate the Herfindahl-Hirshman Index given the following market shares: Company Market Share Visa 60% Mastercard 30% American Express 10%The agencies generally consider markets in which the HHI is between 1,500 and 2,500 points to be moderately concentrated, and consider markets in which the HHI is in excess of 2,500 points to be highly concentrated. What would the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) be in each of the following situations? 10 firms, each with 10 percent of the market 4 firms, each with 25 percent of the market 2 firms, each with 50 percent of the market 1 firm with a monopoly in the market
- .A measure called Herfindahl-Hirschman Index is used to measure the degree of competition in an industry. The HHI is the square of each firm’s market share summed over the firms in the industry. (Where a market share is the percentage of sales in the market accounted for by that firm). For example, if an industry contains only three firms and their market shares are 60%, 25%, and 15% then the HHI (by squaring each firm’s share and summing them) is 4450. Some economists classify the market structures according to HHI scores. An HHI below 1,500 indicates a strongly competitive market, between 1,500 and 2,500 indicates a somewhat competitive market, and over 2,500 indicates an oligopoly. Given the information in the table, calculate the HHI in this industry. If yahoo and Bing were to merge, what would the HHI be? Google 67% Yahoo 18 Bing 11 Ask 3 AOL 1Google share price is $1759.73; Microsoft share price is $223.72; and Apple share price is 118.69. Google has a P/E ratio of 34; Microsoft has a P/E ratio of 36.14; and Apple has a P/E ratio of 36.41. ______ is the most expensive stock and ________ is the least expensive stock to receive part of their earningsApple Corporation requires its top managers to own shares of stock in Apple equal in value to three times their annual salary. Explain what problem Apple is trying to solve with this requirement, and explain whether this requirement does indeed solve the problem.