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- Let I represent an execution of init(s), W of wait(s), and S of signal(s). Then, for example, IWWS represents the sequence of calls init(s), wait(s), wait(s), and signal(s) by some processes in an operating system. For each of the following sequences of calls, state the value of s and the number of processes blocked after the last call in the sequence: *(a) IW (b) IS (c) ISSSW (d) IWWWS (e) ISWWWWConsider the schedule S given below S: r₁(X); r₂(Y); r₂(X); r₂(Y); r₂(Z); w₂(Y); w₂(Z); r₁(Z); w₁(x); w₁(Z) Find schedule is conflict serializable or not.Consider the following schedules: (i) S;: ri (X), r2 (Z), r2 (Z), r3 (X), r3(Y), w, (X), wz (Y), r2 (Y), wy (Z), wz (Y) (ii) Sz: 1 (X), r2 (Z), r (X), ri (Z), r2 (Y), r3 (Y), wi (X), w2 (Z), w3 (Y), w2 (Y) (b) Draw precedence graph for the above schedules and check whether each schedule is serializable or not. If a schedule is serializable, write down the equivalent serial schedule(s)?
- A set of waiting processes P0, P1, Pn must exist, with P0 waiting for a resource held by P1, P1 waiting for a resource held by P2,..., Pn-1 waiting for a resource held by Pn, and Pn waiting for a resource held by P0. The term "deadlock" is used to describe this situation.A real-time system executing four different periodic tasks Ti(pt) is given with p and t representing the period and the execution time of the task, respectively. Each task's deadline matches its period p. The system is executing the following set of tasks: S = {T₁(10, 2), T₂(4, 1), T3(10, 3), T4(7, 1)}. Is this real-time system schedulable under Rate-Monotonic (RM) scheduling? Is this real-time system schedulable under Earliest Deadline First (EDF) scheduling? Explain your answers using the concept of the overall CPU utilization.A job scheduler gets work requests with a priority of execution attached to it, in the following sequence. The higher the priority value, the more important task execution.Work ID: 464 212 110 840 976 3433 2 3 1 2 2 Priority: 3 2 3 1 2 2Create a treap for the jobs that are set to run. What will the treap look like after the highest priority jobs have finished execution and thus left the treap?
- Deadlock of two processes 3. We see two processes PO and P1 can be in deadlock caused by two semaphores S and Q like below: Let S and Q be two semaphores initialized to 1 Po wait (S); wait (Q) ; signal (S); signal (Q) ; P₁ wait(0); wait (S); signal (Q) ; signal (S); (a) Explain why this happens, i.e. PO waiting for P1 to release something, while P1 waiting for PO to release another thing. (b) Can this be fixed by changing the order of some instructions of P1? Explain!There are six processes in three priority classes. Class 1 has the highest priority. (The amount of CPU time needed by each process is written in brackets.) • Class 1: II₁ (13 ms), II3 (8 ms), II6 (6 ms) • Class 2: II₂ (10 ms), II5 (4 ms) Class 3: II4 (12 ms) The system is using the following algorithm: The scheduler picks a process from the highest (non-empty) class. To schedule processes within the same class, the Round-Robin algorithm is used with quantum 5 ms. Process switch takes 1 ms. (a) Draw the schedule for the above processes on a timeline. (b) Mirko decided to modify the above algorithm: After each burst (i.e. when the quantum experies) the process is degraded by one class (unless it is already in Class 3). Draw the schedule for Mirko's modified algorithm.Q1 Given 3 concurrent processes P1, P2 and P3, we suppose that initially the shared variable x =4. a) List all the possible values for x. b) Use one or more semaphores (use primitives signal and wait) in order to get x=13.1 c) Can we use only one semaphore to get x=11? Explain your answer. P1 ; ... P2 x=x-2; P3 x=x*3; ...
- j f₁(j) f₂(j) 2. for the following instance of the Assembly-Line Scheduling problem, complete the following table constructed by the Dynamic Programming (DP) algorithm. The station time and the transfer times are indicated in the diagram below. Station 2 Station S11 3 4 1 2 2 S21 $12 S22 2 S13 3 2 2 3 S23 $14 4 4 S24 3 $15 2 5 S25 6 $16 3 S26 3 21) Synchronization of cooperating processes can be accomplished by a variety of busy waiting solutions, semaphores, monitors, and message passing. Busy waiting is extremely wasteful of resources, so synchronization is generally implemented with semaphores, monitors or message passing. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of each of the three methods. Also indicate the limitations of each method’s applicability (e.g., you would not be able to apply monitors if the programming language that you must use does not have support for monitors)Consider a system consisting of 5 processes, P = {P1, P2, P3, P4, P5} and 3 resources types, R = {R1, R2, R3}. The number of instances for each resource type are 2, 2 and 1 respectively. The state of the system at time, it is described as follow: P1 requests an instance of R2 P2 requests an instance of R1 P3 requests an instance of R2 and holds an instance of R1 and an instance of R3 P4 requests an instance of R3 P5 holds all instances of R2 Assuming that all resources are non-sharable, construct a Resource Allocation Graph to depict the process state.