The classic clinical problem with immunodeficiency disorders is the development of which of the following? (A) hypotension (B) the Rh factor (C) organ rejection (D) severe infections
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Immunodeficiency disorders are common and it occurs due to many conditions. The ability of the body to fight infections is compromised. They can be classified into primary and secondary. The primary immunodeficiency disorders are since birth and the secondary immunodeficiency disorders are acquired over time.
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- Even though instances of fetal, maternal ABO, incompatibility are common, severe hemolytic disease due to ABO incompatibility is rare. Which of the following best explains this difference? A) ABO incompatibility causes extensive extra medullary hematopoiesis B) antibodies against ABO antigens do not bind complement C) the maternal immune system is tolerant to ABO ANTIGENS D) most anti- A or anti- B antibodies are of IgM type and do not cross the placenta E) the presence of concurrent Rh incompatibility decreases the immunogenicity of erythrocytes1. The laboratory scientist who reviews the marrow reports that the bone marrow is overridden with plasma cells—so much so that clusters of plasma cells can be seen. What is the function of plasma cells? Explain with no more than 3-6 sentences. A). To present foreign antigens to immune cells B). To directly attack foreign cells when foreign antigens are recognized. C). To phagocytize cells with foreign antigens. D). To produce immunoglobulins specific to foreign antigens presented by T helper cells. 2. Immunoglobulins are made mainly of what substance? Explain. A). Carbohydrate B). Lipid C). ProteinWhy might erythroblastosis fetalis occur when an Rh- mother becomes pregnant with a second Rh+ baby (after exposure to the previous Rh+ baby's blood)? A) Erythroblastosis fetalis can only occur when an Rh+ mother becomes pregnant with an Rh- baby. B) After primary exposure, if the Rh- mother has an Rh+ baby, then antibodies the mom produces can cross the placenta and attack the baby's blood. C) The Rh- mother always produces antibodies to the Rh+ blood, so erythroblastosis fetalis is a condition that can happen to any Rh+ baby (first or subsequent).
- 30. What is the correct unit for WBC count? YOUR TRAINING. YOUR CAREER. YOUR FUTURE. a) 103 /L b) 105L c) 10/L d) 10L e) 1012/L 31. Which of the following is not a type of T lymphocytes? a) killer cell b) memory cell c) suppressor cell d) plasma cell e) helper cell 32. When preparing a reticulocyte smear: a) the stains used are new methylene blue or brilliant cresyl blue b) the stain and blood must react together for 15 minutes prior to making smear c) the smear may be stained with Wright's stain after drying d) two of the above 33. If a supersaturated solution is allowed to cool: a) it will sublimate b) the solute will precipitate out of the solution c) more solute can be added to the solution d) it will become an isotonic solution 34. Rejection of an implanted organ is due to: a) autoimmunity b) isoimmunity c) artificial passive immunity d) natural passive immunity 35. Sickle sell disease: a) is due to sex linked inheritance b) is due to incomplete dominance inheritance c) requires a…Aid Mental ne A) Activation of PECAM-1 B) Blockage of P-selectin sites C) Deactivation of thromboplastin D) Downregulation of Hageman factor E) Upregulation of neutrophil LFA-1 PARA 116. A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of painful, red skin spots. Physical examination shows multiple tender petechial hemorrhages. A biopsy specimen of one of the lesions shows leuko-cytoclastic vasculitis. The physician plans to prescribe a new anti-inflammatory drug. Which of the following mechanisms of action of this drug is most likely to relieve this patient's disease progress?The diagnostic cell in Hodgkin's disease is the: Question 5 options: A) Reactive lymphoblast. B) Non-cleaved lymphoblast. C) Reilly-Stanokovich cell. D) Reed-Sternberg cell.
- A deficiency of both B cells and T cells is most likely a(n)... a)secondary immunodeficiency b)complex immunodeficiency c)acquired immunodeficiency d)primary immunodeficiency e)induced immunodeficiencyWhich of the followings is molecular pathology associated with ADA mutations that cause immunodeficiency? a) accumulation of deoxyadenosine and its precursors S-adenosylhomocysteine and deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) with toxic effects on immature lymphocytes, b)accumulation of deoxyguanosine and deoxyguanosine triphosphate, with toxic effects on immature lymphocytesSevere sepsis is a major cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality. What could contribute to the high incidence of postoperative sepsis. a.) No postoperative antibiotics given b.) Lack of feedback inhibition to the immune system by the HPA axis c.) Autoimmune activity d.) Suppression of innate and cell-mediated immunity
- (38) Following a rattle snake bite, a patient is injected with horse anti-rattlesnake venom serum. Ten days later he has general weakness, headaches, muscular and joint pains, and dark urine. Laboratory studies show proteinuria. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulins are within the reference range, but serum C3 and C4 concentrations are decreased. Which of the following is the most likely pathological process? (A) Anaphylactic Reaction (B) Delayed Hypersensitivity to horse protei (C) Formation of antigen-antibody complexes containing horse proteins and human immunoglobulin (D) Formsation of antigen-antibody complexes containing snake venom proteins and a horse antibody (E) Systemic reaction to snake venomT cells can differentiate into 5 different subsets of helper T cells. Answer the following questions for TH1 cells: A) In general, list three unique factors that differentiate the TH1 subset from the other subsets. B) For each of those factors identified in A, provide one specific example that applies to TH1 cells. C) What type of pathogens are targeted by the TH1 cells?All of the following approaches are used to treat autoimmune diseases excepta) immunosuppressant drugs.b) induction of tolerance. c) antibiotics.d) anti-inflammatory medications.e) replacement therapy, as with insulin in diabetes.