Answered: The Na+/glucose cotransporter in…

The Na+/glucose cotransporter in ION-GRADIENT-DRIVEN ACTIVE TRANSPORT, against its gradient. Na+/glucose Na+/K+ glucose/glucose Na+/Na+ moves down its gradient and

Biomedical Instrumentation Systems

1st Edition

ISBN:9781133478294

Author:Chatterjee

Publisher:Chatterjee

Chapter6: Biomedical Electrodes, Sensors, And Transducers

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6P

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Concept explainers

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.

Question

The Na+/glucose cotransporter in ION-GRADIENT-DRIVEN ACTIVE TRANSPORT,
against its gradient.
Na+/glucose
Na+/K+
glucose/glucose
Na+/Na+
moves down its gradient and

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The Na+/glucose cotransporter in ION-GRADIENT-DRIVEN ACTIVE TRANSPORT, ________moves down its gradient and _______ against its gradient. Na+/K+ Na+/Na+ Na+/glucose glucose/glucose
Compare and contrast the different transport mechanisms: Electrochemical gradient Carrier-Mediated/Not Metabolic Energy Na+ Gradient Inhibition of Na-K Pump
The Na+/glucose Cotransporter The active transport of glucose is mediated by the Na+/glucose cotransporter. This is a symporter; that is, both the sodium ion and the glucose molecule are passing through the membrane in the same direction: sodium DOWN its gradient of about 140 mM outside to 10 mM inside while glucose is going UP its gradient (0.005 mM -> 5 mM) T=37oC and Vm = -70 mV CALCULATE THE ΔGin for Na+ (show work) – and is this enough energy to move glucose in? Or do you need to move 2 Na+ in for each glucose co-transported in? Explain
In contrast to transporters and carriers, channels: O Are selective for the specific solutes (e.g., ions) they transport Require solutes (e.g., ions) to bind to them in order to be transported O Create pores through the membrane Saturate after reaching the maximum rate of transport
difference between channels and transporters is that O Only channels allow for the passage of solutes against their electrochemical gradient. OTransporters allow for a greater rate of transport across a membrane than channels do. O Only channels allow for the transport of ions. Transporters must undergo a conformational change upon binding to the solute.
"Transporters saturate at high concentrations of the transported molecule when all their binding sites are occupied; channels, on the other hand, do not bind the ions they transport and thus the flux of ions through a channel does not saturate." is true or false.
Which is not required for passive transport across a membrane (select all that apply and explain why): a concentration gradient a cotransported ion energy a protein channel
Glucose transporters are either open to the extracellular side or open to the intracellular side of the membrane but never both at the same time. True or False? Movement of an ion against or up its concentration gradient is exergonic. True or False? If an amino acid is transported into intestinal epithelial cells through a transporter that is able to concentrate the amino acid using a sodium ion moving down its gradient, this transporter is an example of primary active transport. True or False? The maximum gradient a primary active transporter can build has a potential energy which in magnitude is greater than or equal to the magnitude of the energy released by ATP hydrolysis. True or False?
A secondary active transport protein gets its energy by binding and splitting a molecule of ATP. True False
Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms requires expenditure of metabolic energy? active transport of water facilitated transport of valine coordinated transport of Na+ and K+ against concentration gradient. diffusion of steroids
K+ [Select] [Select] A Na+ Primary active transport is being shown by transporter [Select] which uses [Select] ATP [Select] B The transported molecules in this mechanism are being moved [Select] to move Glucose active transport is being shown by transporter [Select] which uses the gradient. Secondary to move against the gradient. When both the molecules move through a transporter in the same direction as in B, this type of transport is called antiport.
Channels are an example of transporters with alternating gates; in other words, channels change conformation upon cargo binding to release the cargo on the opposite side of the membrane. True or False? Polar solutes must be ‘re-hydrated’ by the interactions with the transporter to allow for rapid transport. True or False? The sodium potassium pump is an example of an antiport. True or False?