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- In solid KCI the smallest distance between the centers of a. potassium ion and a chloride ion is 314 pm. Calculate the length of the edge of the unit cell and the density of KCI, assuming it has the same structure as sodium chloride.The force of attraction between a divalen cation and a divalen anion is 2.60 x 10^-8 Newtons. If the ionic radius of the cation is 0.067 nm, waht is the anion radius?You are tutoring a bright student in his last semester of introductory physics. The particular topic of the day is bonding in solids. When your session begins, the student hands you a slip of paper with the following equation printed on it: U, = -ak, 1 m He says that he found this equation in his online studying and that it is described as an expression for the ionic cohesive energy of a crystal formed by ionic bonding. He asks you to derive this equation.
- When the ions at their equilibrium interionic separation, the force of attraction between a divalent (valency of 2) cation and a monovalent (valency of 1) anion is 7.32 × 10−9 N. If the ionic radius of the cation is 0.05 nm, what is the anion radius (nm)? Round your result to 2 decimal place.(e) Explain what you understand by the statement: “the bonding in a solid is 30 % ionic and 70 % covalent". Why such types of bondings are occurred in a materials. Give proper reasoning with examples.(Electroplating) A steel part with surface area A = 130 cm² is to be tin-plated. What average plating thickness will result if 15 amps are applied for 10 min in an acid sulfate electrolyte bath? The cathode efficiency for tin is E = 90% and the plating constant C = 4.21 x 10-2 mm³/amp-s. V = CIt V = ECIt d = V A Typical cathode efficiencies in electroplating and values of plating constant C. Compiled from [18]. Plate Metal Electrolyte Cadmium (2) Cyanide Chromium (3) Chromium-acid-sulfate Copper (1) Gold (1) Nickel (2) Silver (1) Tin (4) Zinc (2) Cyanide Cyanide Acid sulfate Cyanide Acid sulfate Chloride Plating Constant ca Cathode Efficiency % mm³/amp-s (in³/amp-min) 6.73 × 10-² (2.47 × 10-4) X 2.50 × 10-2 (0.92 × 10-4) 7.35 x 10-2 10.6 x 10-² 3.42 x 10-2 (2.69 × 10-4) (3.87 × 10-4) (1.25 × 10-4) 10.7 x 10-2 (3.90 × 10-4) 4.21 x 10-2 (1.54 × 10-4) 4.75 × 10-2 (1.74 x 10-4) 90 15 98 80 95 100 90 95 ¹Most common valence given in parentheses (); this is the value assumed in determining…
- The density of solid KCl is about 1980 kg/m3. Compute the nearest-neighbor distance in KCl, that is, the distance between neighboring K+ and Cl- ions. Note that KCl has the same lattice structure as NaCl.The attractive force between a pair of Sr2+ and O2- ions is 1.52 x 108 N and the ionic radius of O2- ions is 0.134 nm. Calculate the ionic radius of the Sr2+ ion. (Given: Electron cłarge, e = 1.6 x 10-19C, the permittivity of free space, Eo = 8.85 x 10-12C?N'm²)At 23° K, the crystal structure transforms from BCC to HCP keeping density same. The cubic face in BCC is a 3.42 A and in HCP is-1.53. The lattice constant in HCP structure is, (n) 2.64 A (b) 3.16 A () 2.16 A (4) 2.42 A
- Set up the relevant equations with estimates of all missing parameters. The molecular bond (spring constant) of HCl is about 470 N/m. The moment of incrtia is 2.3 x 10-47 kg-m². (a) At 300 K what is the probability that the molecule is in its lowest excited vibrational state? (c) Of the molecules in the vibrational ground state what is the ratio of the number in the gronnd rotational state to the number in the first excited rotational state?The ionic crystal of NaCl has an fcc structure as shown below with the position of the Cl atom located at : (0 0 0); (½ ½ 0); ( ½ 0 %) and (0 ½) and Na atom is located at : (½ ½½) + fcc translation. The following are the physical data of NaCl: - Ionic radius Na = 0.98 A, Cl ion radius 1.81 A Atomic mass of Na = 22.99 amu, Atomic mass of Cl = 35.45 amu NaCl bulk modulus = 2.40 x 1010 N/m - Madelung's constant = 1.75 Young's modulus in the direction [100] = 5 x 1010 Nm-2 Debye temperature = 281 K - State the structural factors of NaCl, F in fNa and fCl (f = atomic scattering factor). Also determine the condition (h k 1) so that the value of F = 0.The parameters o and & in Lennard-Jones potential in Argon (Ar) crystals are o = 3.40 x 10-10 m and ɛ = 1.67 x 10-21 J. The lattice sums for the BCC (body-centered cubic) structures are E C" Pī12 = 9.11418, ECC Pī = 12.2533, and the lattice sums for the FCC structures are 2CC Pī12 = potential, calculate the equilibrium separation and cohesive energies (in unit of electron voltage or eV) for BCC and FCC configurations. -6 %3| 12.13188, ECC Pi = 14.45392. Using the Lennard-Jones %3D