Using the following table, perform ALL FIVE of the techniques for Decision Making under Uncertainty: Maximax, Maximin, Hurwicz Realism (α = 0.7), LaPlace and Minimax Regret. You must show your work for obtaining the points.
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2. Using the following table, perform ALL FIVE of the techniques for Decision Making under Uncertainty: Maximax, Maximin, Hurwicz Realism (α = 0.7), LaPlace and Minimax Regret. You must show your work for obtaining the points.
|
PROFIT ($) |
||
|
STRONG MARKET |
FAIR MARKET |
POOR MARKET |
Large facility |
550,000 |
110,000 |
-310,000 |
Medium-sized facility |
300,00 |
129,000 |
-100,000 |
Small facility |
200,000 |
100,000 |
-32,000 |
No facility |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Mathematic models of decision-making help businesses take the correct decision for their operational activities. These decision-making models provide a deep analysis of the data and bring out the most accurate decision for the business. All decisions taken by using these models are beneficial for the business as all alternatives are well analyzed and evaluated.
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- A situation in which a decision maker must choose between strategies that have more than one possible outcome when the probability of each outcome is unknown is referred to as: O certainty diversification risk O uncertainty MacBook Air 000 000 DD F7 F5 6日 5. 8.Using the following table, perform ALL FIVE of the techniques for Decision Making under Uncertainty: Maximax, Maximin, Hurwicz Realism (α = 0.7), LaPlace and Minimax Regret. Use the .50 for the probability of a Good Economy and .50 for the probability of a Poor Economy. You must show your work. STATE OF NATURE DECISION ALTERNATIVE GOOD ECONOMY POOR ECONOMY Sotck market 80,000 -20,000 Bonds 30,000 20,000 CDs 23,000 23,0003. The manager for a manufacturing company must recommend whether to construct a large plant, construct a small plant or do nothing. He estimates the long-run profits in $ as follows: State of Nature Alternative Good Average Poor Market($) Market ($) Market ($) Construct a 100,000 35,000 -60,000 large plant Construct a 75,000 25,000 -40,000 small plant Do nothing -5,000 0 0 Probability 25% 50% 25% Solve using: A. Expected Opportunity Loss B. Expected Value of Perfect Information
- Given the following payoff table with the profits ($m), a firm might expect alternative investments (A, B, C) under different levels of interest rate. payoffs as profits states of nature 1(5%) decision 2(7%) 3(9%) alternatives A 14 22 6. B 19 18 11 12 17 15 (a) Which alternative should the firm choose under the maximax criterion? (b) Which option should the firm choose under the maximin criterion? (c) Which option should the firm choose under the LaPlace criterion? (d) Which option should the firm choose with the Hurwicz criterion with a = 0.2? (e) Using a minimax regret approach, what alternative should the firm choose? (f) Economists have assigned probabilities of 0.35, 0.3, and 0.35 to the possible interest levels 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Using expected monetary values, what option should be chosen and what is that optimal expected value? (g) What is the most that the firm should be willing to pay for additional information? Use Expected Regre (h) Use the alternative method to…Your company must decide whether to introduce a new product. The sales of the product will be either at a high (success) or low (failure) level. The conditional value for this decision is as follows Decision High Low Introduce $4,000,000 -$2,000,000 Do Not Introduce 0 0 Probability 0.3 0.7 You have the option to conduct a market survey to sharpen you market demand estimate. The survey costs $200,000. The survey provides incomplete information about the sales, with three possible outcomes: (1) predicts high sales, (2) predicts low sales, or (3) inconclusive. Such surveys have in the past provided these results Result High Low Predicts High 0.4 0.1 Inconclusive 0.4 0.5 Predicts Low 0.2 0.4 c) Draw the complete decision tree, including the survey option. Explain where the values on the decision tree come fromMaximax, Maximin, Minimax RegretLearning material: Watch this videoLab Scenario:Imagine a local entrepreneur is considering starting a business and has three options: open a coffeeshop, a bookshop, or a fusion coffee-bookshop. The entrepreneur is uncertain about the market'sreaction to these businesses. The possible market conditions are: favorable, neutral, and unfavorable.Data (Payoff Table in USD):Business Option Favorable Market Neutral Market Unfavorable MarketCoffee Shop 150,000 70,000 -30,000Bookshop 100,000 60,000 -20,000Fusion Shop 130,000 80,000 -10,000Positive values represent profits, and negative values represent losses.Assignment Steps:1. Maximax (Optimist's Criterion) Approach:For each business option, identify the maximum possible payoff.First Question What is the business option with the highest of these maximum payoffs? (5points)2. Maximin (Pessimist's Criterion) Approach:For each business option, identify the minimum possible payoff.Second Question What is the…
- Using the following table, perform ALL FIVE of the techniques for Decision Making under Uncertainty: Maximax, Maximin, Hurwicz Realism (α = 0.7), LaPlace and Minimax Regret. Use the .50 for the probability of a Good Economy and .50 for the probability of a Poor Economy. You must show your work for obtaining the points. STATE OF NATURE DECISION ALTERNATIVE GOOD ECONOMY POOR ECONOMY Sotck market 80,000 -20,000 Bonds 30,000 20,000 CDs 23,000 23,000A. A company wants to produce a souvenir with a marketing life of six months. Uncertainty surrounds the likely sales volume as well as the fixed costs of the venture as shown below: Sales units Probability Contrn. /unit Probability Fixed cost K7 K5 100 000 0.3 80 000 0.6 60 000 0.1 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 Determine the expected value of the contribution K400 000 K450 000 K500 000 Probability 0.2 0.5 0.3 1.02. Using the following table, perform ALL FIVE of the techniques for Decision Making under Uncertainty: Maximax, Maximin, Hurwicz Realism (a=0.7), LaPlace and Minimax Regret. You must show your work for obtaining the points. Large facility Medium-sized facility Small facility No facility STRONG MARKET 550,000 300,000 200,000 0 PROFIT (S) FAIR MARKET 110,000 129,000 100,000 0 POOR MARKET -310,000 -100,000 -32,000 0
- Wired & Plugged specializes in manufacturing modern electronic components. It also builds equipment that produces the components. The marketing and production directors advised the president about a proposed manufacturing facility in the form of a payoff table as shown. Decision Profits($) Strong Marked Fair Market Poor Market Large-sized facility Medium-sized facility Small- sized facility No facility 450,000 2500,000 350,000 0 220,000 150,000 150,000 0 -310,000 -250,000 -80,000 0 What decision should be made using the LaPlace criterion?ABC company wants to open one, two, or three shops. The average Profit varies with the demand in three categories low, medium and high. Determine which one is better using Maximax, Maximin, Laplace, Minimax regret. Demand Number of Shops 1 2 3 Low 150 175 200 Medium 100 200 200 High 0 170 400Option 2: Raise prices by 50%. If this occurs, there is a 75% chance that an Entrepreneur will set up in competition this year. The board’s estimate of its annual profit in this situation would be as follows: 2A: With new competitor 2B: Without new competitor Probability Profit (Sh.) Probability Profit (Sh.) 0.25 150,000 0.5 200,000 0.5 120,000 0.3 150,000 0.25 80,000 0.2 100,000 Option 3: Expand the car park quickly at a cost of Sh. 50,000 keeping prices theSame. The profits are then estimated to be like 2B above, except that the probabilities would be 0.6, 0.3 and 0.1 respectively. Required: Draw a decision tree for the above problem, including all the relevant data. Using expected values analyze the decision tree and recommend the best option to the owners of the car park.