We compared the speed of transduction of the taste of sour vs either sweet or bitter, depending on what you tasted. Match the taste modality to the most likely transduction mechanism: Ion channel or second messenger system based on what is known. Salty is left out because there is not enough known about it. Sour Bitter Sweet Umami

We compared the speed of transduction of the taste of sour vs either sweet or bitter, depending on what you tasted. Match the taste modality to the most likely transduction mechanism: Ion channel or second messenger system based on what is known. Salty is left out because there is not enough known about it. Sour Bitter Sweet Umami

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter30: Sensory Perception

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4CT

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Which of the following is an example of the process of transduction? Taste acceptance and rejection are processed in the hindbrain, while emotional reactions to taste are processed in forebrain. Different qualities of taste (sweet, salt, sour, bitter) activate different receptor cells in the taste buds. O A photon of light strikes a photopigment in a rod cell, changing the photopigment, which causes the close of ion channels, which reduces the rod's output of neurotransmitter. Molecules of alcohol evaporate from the surface of a liquid and get into your nasal passages.
There are five basic tastes—sour, salty, sweet, bitter, and“umami.” Salt is detected when the concentration of salt outside of a taste bud cell is higher than that inside of it, and ionchannels allow the passive leakage of Na+into the cell. Theresulting change in membrane potential (see Concept 7.4)sends the “salty” signal to the brain. Umami is a savory tastegenerated by glutamate (glutamic acid, found in monosodiumglutamate, or MSG), which is used as a flavor enhancer in foodssuch as taco-flavored tortilla chips. The glutamate receptor is aGPCR, which, when bound, initiates a signaling pathway thatends with a cellular response, perceived by you as “taste.” If youeat a regular potato chip and then rinse your mouth, you willno longer taste salt. But if you eat a flavored tortilla chip andthen rinse, the taste persists. (Try it!) Propose a possible explanation for this difference.
Taste cells form chemical synapses with afferent neurites that make up the gustatory cranial nerve. For signals to pass onto the afferents, what critical step must take place? Opening of Ca++ channels Opening of K+ channels Opening of Na+ channels Generation of an action potential
Select all of the statements that are true about gustation: The papillae on the tongue are the receptor cells for taste molecule stimuli. Salt and sour taste stimuli sense Na+ ions and H+ ions respectively. In order for sweet tastes to be sensed, the taste molecule must first bind to a protein receptor in a taste bud. The gustatory pathway for the processing of taste stimuli are relayed to the thalamus, and then to the gustatory cortex for processing by the brain.
In humans, the five principal kinds of taste sensations are_______,_______ , _______ ,______, and_____ . Molecules that leave the food and enter the air inside the mouth are detected by the sense of______ , which plays a major role in the brain’s perception of taste.
Compare the mechanisms of the receptor molecules for salty and sour taste; the taste-receptor molecules for sweetness, bitterness, and umami; and odor-receptor molecules (Indicate if a given sense uses a GPCR, an ion channel etc and how the downstream signal might be different). Drawing is good for this type of question.
Compare and contrast the senses of taste and smell by dragging the choices below into one or both of the categories. Labels Involves modified neurons Molecules bind to receptor proteins of microvilli and generate nerve signals in sensory nerve fibers Accounts for most of what we perceive as taste Reset All Sense of taste (1/2) Sense of smell (2/2)
Which of the following taste recognition is mediated by GPCRs? Bitter Umami Sweet Sour Salty
ab ock fn Identify the similarity between sweet receptors and bitter receptors. Choose the correct option. O a. Both are G-protein-coupled receptors O b. Both are expressed in the same taste cell O c. Both stimulate the same gustatory axon O d. Both use T1R2 and T1R3 receptor proteins + QUESTION 19 esc 14 →→ QUESTION 20 Identify which of the following best describes the central taste pathways. Choose the correct option. O a. Axons of all 12 cranial nerves terminate in the gustatory nucleus of the brain stem, which projects to the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus, which in turn sends axons to the primary gustatory cortex and the insula O b. Axons of three cranial nerves terminate in the gustatory nucleus of the brain stem, which projects to the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus, which in turn sends axons to the primary gustatory cortex and the insula O c. Axons of all 12 cranial nerves terminate in the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus,…
From a biological perspective, how do we experience taste? Discuss the composite of the five basic taste sensations. Include a relevant example. Please include references.
pse is required to link the gustatory receptor with the sensory neuron. This lends itself Depounio Part D- Signaling in Olfaction and Gustation Different stimuli of the two special senses trigger different methods of signaling within their receptors. How are the following stimuli transmitted? Drag and drop the stimuli into the mostpropriate bins depicting their method of transmission. • View Available Hint(s) Reset Help Umami chemicals Salt chemicals Odorants Bitter chemicals Sour chemicals Sweet chemicals Pesting plasma Actve Inactve Gproton aproten Receptor protein CAMP Inactive Gprotein Active G protein adenylate cyclase CAMP RECEPTOR CELL ATP Active 2nd messenge hctie 2nd meerger Submit Provide Feedback
Which of the following are represented in gustatory cortex? Select all that apply taste characteristics O flavor texture O food temperature